伶仃洋洪季潮波传播变形及不对称性规律分析

doi:10.11978/2019061

热带海洋学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 36-52.doi: 10.11978/2019061CSTR: 32234.14.2019061

伶仃洋洪季潮波传播变形及不对称性规律分析

童朝锋^1,², 司家林²(), 张蔚², 高祥宇³

1. 海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室(河海大学), 江苏南京 210024
2. 河海大学港口航道与近海工程学院, 江苏南京 210024
3. 南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室, 江苏南京 210029

收稿日期:2019-07-07 修回日期:2019-09-16 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-01-09
通讯作者: 司家林
作者简介:童朝锋(1973—), 男, 浙江宁波人, 副教授, 博士, 主要从事河口海岸动力学研究。E-mail: chaofengtong@hhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405400);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51339005)

Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season

TONG Chaofeng^1,², SI Jialin²(), ZHANG Wei², GAO Xiangyu³

1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence (Hohai University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210024, China
2. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
3. Key Laboratory of Port and Waterway Sediment Engineering and Transportation Industry, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China

Received:2019-07-07 Revised:2019-09-16 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-01-09
Contact: Jialin SI
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0405400);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51339005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珠江河口伶仃洋水域潮波传播变形及其不对称性关系对河口动力环境和物质输运产生影响。研究根据珠江口伶仃洋及东四口门19个潮位站2011年6月实测逐时潮位, 利用收缩河型沿程潮幅解析理论, 阐释伶仃洋从桂山岛上行沿程潮汐传播规律特征; 在调和分析基础上, 应用偏度理论和分潮组合分析方法, 阐明了伶仃洋东西岸及洪奇门、蕉门内潮汐不对称性分布特征, 对照数值研究结果, 指出伶仃洋至虎门之间水域导致潮汐不对称性的主控因素及响应规律。研究表明, 河口平面形态呈近似指数收缩特征的伶仃洋, 沿程潮幅的变化符合指数收缩型河口波幅解析变化规律, 东岸潮幅高于西岸的主要原因是东岸水深大于西岸, 其次是科氏力影响; 行进潮波虽受地形摩擦耗能及非线性作用下不同频率分潮间能量迁移的影响, 但收缩河口能量汇聚效应可以保证收缩段天文分潮潮幅减缓衰减甚至增加, 半日分潮能量汇聚效果强于全日分潮, 各非线性项作用促使浅水分潮产生并持续增能, 保证一定距离内沿程潮幅的增大; 潮汐不对称性的偏度由湾口落潮占优向湾顶涨潮占优发展, 在伶仃洋中部赤湾至金星港一线转为涨潮占优, 产生该现象的原因是自湾口向湾顶不同频率间天文分潮K₁-O₁-M₂的相互作用, 导致表现为落潮优势潮的不对称性减弱, 而天文分潮M₂和其对应的浅水分潮倍潮M₄组合作用使涨潮优势偏度值的不对称性增强; 收缩河口形态属性要素中, 水深是影响潮不对称性的最主要因素。

关键词: 河口形态, 指数收缩型河口, 调和分析, 潮汐不对称, 伶仃洋

Abstract:

Tidal wave propagation and tidal asymmetry in the Pearl River Estuary and Lingding Bay water areas affect estuarine dynamic environment and material transport in the areas. Based on tidal level statistics during June 2011 to July 2011 measured by stations set up in four east estuaries in the Pearl River and Lingding Bay, the theory of convergent estuarine tidal amplitude along the way is used for obtaining an analytic solution, and characteristics of tidal wave propagating from Guishan Island toward upstream is illustrated. Based on harmonic analysis, theory of skewness and method of constituent combination, tidal asymmetry distribution characteristics of east and west coasts in Lingding Bay, Hongqi outlet and Jiao outlet are explained; contrasts with analytical results, main control factors and response regulation of water area between Lingding Bay to Hu Estuary are noted. Our research shows that in Lingding Bay, which is approximately consistent with exponential convergent estuary, the tidal amplitude nearly accords with the change rule of the tidal amplitude analytical solution in exponential convergent estuary. The reason why tidal amplitude in the east coast being higher than in the west coast is that the water depth of the east coast is larger than that of the west coast; secondly, tidal amplitude is impacted by the Coriolis force. Although propagating wave is influenced by roughness consumes energy, and by energy transfer among constituents with different frequencies caused by nonliner effect, the convergence effect of convergent estuary can make sure that amplitudes of astronomical constituents keep steady even rise up in convergent segment, and the impact extent of convergence effect in semi-diurnal constituent is larger than that in diurnal constituent. Each nonliner term’s effect promotes the generation of shallow water constituent and increases energy continuously, making amplitude of shallow water constituent rising within a distance. Skewness of tidal asymmetry changes from ebb dominance in bay mouth to flood dominance in bay bottom, and transform to flood dominance at the line of Chiwan to Jinxing Port, which is located in the middle of Lingding Bay. It suggests that the decrease of ebb dominance asymmetry, which is caused by interaction of astronomical constituents K₁-O₁-M₂ with different frequency, and the increase of flood dominance asymmetry, which is caused by interaction of astronomical constituent M₂ with its shallow water overtide M_4,leads to the phenomenon. Water depth is the most important factor, which influences tidal asymmetry in properties of a convergent estuary.

Key words: estuarine form, exponential converging channel, harmonic analysis, tidal asymmetry, Lingding bay

中图分类号:

P731.23

童朝锋, 司家林, 张蔚, 高祥宇. 伶仃洋洪季潮波传播变形及不对称性规律分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2020, 39(1): 36-52.

TONG Chaofeng, SI Jialin, ZHANG Wei, GAO Xiangyu. Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(1): 36-52.

图/表 21

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表2

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

图17

图18

图19

参考文献 19

[1]	丁芮, 陈学恩, 曲念东 , 2015. 珠江口及邻近海域潮波数值模拟——Ⅰ模型的建立和分析[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 45(11):1-9.
	DING RUI, CHEN XUEEN, QU NIANDONG , 2015. Three-dimensional high-resolution numerical study of the tide and circulation in the pearl river estuary and its adjacent waters part Ⅰ: model building and analysis[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 45(11):1-9 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]	鲁盛 , 2016. 长江口潮波传播的非线性特征及影响机制研究[D]. 南京: 河海大学.
	LU SHENG , 2016. Study on nonlinear characteristics and influence mechanisms of tidal propagation in the Yangtze estuary[D]. Nanjing: Hohai University (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]	欧素英, 杨清书, 杨昊 , 等, 2017. 河口三角洲径流和潮汐相互作用模型及应用[J]. 热带海洋学报, 36(5):1-8.
	OU SUYING, YANG QINGSHU, YANG HAO , et al, 2017. The development and application of river-tide harmonic model[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 36(5):1-8 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]	杨明远, 严以新, 孔俊 , 等, 2008. 珠江口水流泥沙运动模拟研究[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社: 18-19.
[5]	DRONKERS J , 1986. Tidal asymmetry and estuarine morphology[J]. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 20(2-3):117-131. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150620 pmid: 27598844
[6]	DRONKERS J J , 1964. Tidal computations in rivers and coastal waters[M]. Amsterdam: North-Holland Pub. Co.: 518.
[7]	GODIN G , 1985. Modification of river tides by the discharge[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 111(2):257-274. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1985)111:2(257)
[8]	GONG WENPING, SCHUTTELAARS H, ZHANG HENG , 2016. Tidal asymmetry in a funnel-shaped estuary with mixed semidiurnal tides[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 66(5):637-658. doi: 10.1007/s10236-016-0943-1
[9]	GUO LEICHENG, VAN DER WEGEN M, JAY D A , et al, 2015. River-tide dynamics: exploration of nonstationary and nonlinear tidal behavior in the Yangtze River estuary[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(5):3499-3521. doi: 10.1002/2014JC010491
[10]	HUNT J N , 1964. Tidal oscillations in estuaries[J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 8(4):440-455. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.220 pmid: 30708292
[11]	JAY D A, FLINCHEM E P , 1997. Interaction of fluctuating river flow with a barotropic tide: a demonstration of wavelet tidal analysis methods[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 102(C3):5705-5720.
[12]	LU SHENG, TONG CHAOFENG, LEE D Y , et al, 2015. Propagation of tidal waves up in Yangtze Estuary during the dry season[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(9):6445-6473. doi: 10.1002/jgrc.v120.9
[13]	MAZUMDER N C, BOSE S , 1995. Formation and propagation of tidal bore[J]. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 121(3):167-175. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1995)121:3(167)
[14]	NIDZIEKO N J , 2010. Tidal asymmetry in estuaries with mixed semidiurnal/diurnal tides[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115(C8):C08006.
[15]	PAWLOWICZ R, BEARDSLEY B, LENTZ S , 2002. Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 28(8):929-937. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226611 pmid: 31910214
[16]	PRANDLE D , 2009. Estuaries[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[17]	SONG DEHAI, WANG XIAOHUA, KISS A E , et al, 2011. The contribution to tidal asymmetry by different combinations of tidal constituents[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116(C12):C12007.
[18]	VAN RIJN L C , 2011. Principles of fluid flow and surface waves in rivers, estuaries, seas, and oceans[M]. Netherlands: Aqua Publications: 8112-8113.
[19]	ZHANG WEI, CAO YU, ZHU YULIANG , et al, 2018. Unravelling the causes of tidal asymmetry in deltas[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 564:588-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.023

位置	测站名称	涨潮历时与落潮历时比值	潮差/m
伶仃洋东岸	桂山岛	1.01	1.09
	内伶仃	0.91	1.31
	赤湾	0.86	1.34
	大铲码头	0.86	1.41
	正强码头	0.76	1.57
	舢板洲	0.74	1.55
	仙屋角	0.73	1.61
伶仃洋西岸	九洲港	0.95	1.12
	金星港	0.97	1.22
	横门东	0.79	1.26
	龙穴南	0.61	1.41
	南沙	0.60	1.39
洪奇门	万顷沙西	0.65	1.26
	冯马庙	0.62	1.23
	板沙尾	0.58	1.17
横门	横门	0.65	1.19
	中山港大桥	0.61	1.00
	马鞍	0.56	0.86
	小榄	0.52	0.67

伶仃洋洪季潮波传播变形及不对称性规律分析

Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 21

参考文献 19

相关文章 7

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

组次	河型属性				边界条件
组次	糙率曼宁参数 M/ (m^1/3·s^-1)	收缩参数L_b/km	收缩段长度L_s/km	水深h/m	上游流量Q/(m³·s^-1)	外海边界
0	60	30	60	5.5	100	${{a}_{{{K}_{1}}}}$=0.50m ${{a}_{{{\text{O}}_{1}}}}$=0.30m ${{a}_{{{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=0.50m ${{a}_{{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=0.15m ${{g}_{{{\text{K}}_{\text{1}}}}}$=175.90° ${{g}_{{{\text{O}}_{\text{1}}}}}$=139.96° ${{g}_{{{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=44.67° ${{g}_{{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}}}$=65.11°
1	50	30	60	5.5	100
	40	30	60	5.5	100
	30	30	60	5.5	100
2	60	20	42	5.5	100
	60	40	84	5.5	100
	60	50	105	5.5	100
	60	30	60	3	100
3	60	30	60	10	100
	60	30	60	15	100
	60	30	60	5.5	2000
4	60	30	60	5.5	3000
	60	30	60	5.5	5000
备注			收缩至等宽段宽度 5 km

[1]	曾滇婷, 李君益, 谢玲玲, 叶小敏, 周达. 伶仃洋夏季叶绿素a时间变化特征及分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(2): 16-25.
[2]	陈琼, 唐世林, 吴颉. 基于GF-4卫星反演的珠江口水体表层悬浮泥沙时空变化特征*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(2): 65-76.
[3]	沈倩颖, 季小梅, 张蔚, 徐龑文. 河口挡潮闸对三角洲潮汐不对称时空变化的影响^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(5): 1-9.
[4]	谢梅芳, 张萍, 杨昊, 傅林曦, 王恒, 蔡华阳, 杨清书. 珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的潮波传播特征^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(4): 1-13.
[5]	欧素英, 杨清书, 杨昊, 胡帅. 河口三角洲径流和潮汐相互作用模型及应用[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2017, 36(5): 1-8.
[6]	肖志建,李团结,廖世智 . 伶仃洋表层沉积物特征及其泥沙运移趋势[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2011, 30(4): 58-65.
[7]	陈相铨,朱良生,王青,黎满球,邱章. 珠江伶仃洋余流垂向分布的季节变化及其与径流的关系研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2010, 29(5): 24-28.