基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析

doi:10.11978/2024048

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 93-107.doi: 10.11978/2024048CSTR: 32234.14.2024048

基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析

王雅君¹^,²(), 张司一¹^,², 欧素英¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 蔡华阳¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 朱馨雨¹^,², 朱磊⁵

1.中山大学海洋工程与技术学院, 河口海岸研究所, 广东广州 510275
2.河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 广东广州 510275
3.广东省海岸与岛礁工程技术研究中心, 广东广州 510275
4.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519000
5.中山大学海洋科学学院, 广东广州 510275

收稿日期:2024-03-01 修回日期:2024-03-26 出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-02-10
通讯作者: 蔡华阳
作者简介:
王雅君(1997—), 男, 江苏省常州市人, 主要从事河口海岸动力学研究。email: YajunWang1997@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52279080); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目区域联合基金-青年项目(2020A1515110367)

Analysis of tidal hydrodynamics characteristics of the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon system in Huizhou, Guangdong based on modified harmonic analysis model using the credo of smoothness

WANG Yajun¹^,²(), ZHANG Siyi¹^,², OU Suying¹^,²^,³^,⁴, CAI Huayang¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), ZHU Xinyu¹^,², ZHU Lei⁵

1. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2. State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou 510275, China
4. Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
5. School of Ocean Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

Received:2024-03-01 Revised:2024-03-26 Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-02-10
Contact: CAI Huayang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52279080); Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project Regional Joint Fund -Youth Project(2020A1515110367)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

潟湖体系的潮汐动力对其地貌演变、生态环境保护与海岸带资源的可持续开发利用等具有重要影响。以广东惠州双月湾潟湖为研究靶区, 基于2020—2023年4次潮位观测资料, 采用基于光滑导纳原理的短时调和分析(modified harmonic analysis model on the basis of the credo of smoothness, MHACS)模型和数理统计方法初步探讨该潟湖体系潮波传播和变化过程。结果表明,双月湾潟湖体系平均潮差为0.52~0.69m, 潮波从口门传播至潟湖上段, 其能量明显减小, 特别是上游区域的潮波衰减率为近口门段20倍, 潮波传播速度亦降低至近口门段的12%。在潟湖中, 半日潮M₂、全日潮K₁和浅水潮M₄占据主导, 其振幅分别为23.06cm、30.4cm和7.74cm。其中, 全日潮和半日潮的振幅月变化较为稳定, 而浅水分潮的季节波动更加明显, 尤其是向上游传播时, 分潮的振幅和迟角季节性变化更为显著。潮波通过口门传入双月湾潟湖, 受地形辐聚与底床摩擦效应影响, 不同河段的潮波传播速度差异显著, 尤其是半日潮在口门区的传播速度普遍高于全日潮。各分潮在潟湖内的振幅衰减明显, 特别是S₂、M₄和MS₄分潮的振幅梯度最为显著(4×10^-6m^-1)。

关键词: 基于光滑导纳原理的短时调和分析(MHACS), 潮波传播, T-tide, 潮波衰减, 传播速度

Abstract:

The tidal dynamics of lagoon systems exert profound influences on their geomorphic evolution, ecological conservation, and sustainable development of coastal resources. This study focuses on the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon in Huizhou, Guangdong Province. Utilizing four sets of tidal level observations from 2020 to 2023, we employed a modified harmonic analysis model based on the principle of smoothness (MHACS) alongside statistical methods to preliminarily investigate the propagation and variation processes of tidal waves within the lagoon system. The results reveal that the average tidal range in the Shuangyue Bay lagoon system spans from 0.52 to 0.69 m. As tidal waves propagate from the mouth to the upper reaches of the lagoon, their energy diminishes significantly, with an attenuation rate in the upstream region approximately 20 times greater than that near the mouth. Additionally, the propagation speed of tidal waves decreases to approximately 12% of its value near the mouth. Dominant tidal constituents within the lagoon include the semi-diurnal tide M₂, diurnal tide K₁, and shallow-water tide M₄, with amplitudes of 23.06 cm, 30.4 cm, and 7.74 cm, respectively. While the amplitudes of diurnal and semi-diurnal tides exhibit relatively stable monthly fluctuations, shallow-water tides display more pronounced seasonal variations, particularly evident when propagating upstream, where the amplitude and phase lag of tidal components undergo significant seasonal changes. Tidal waves enter the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon through its mouth, encountering influences from terrain convergence and bottom friction effects. The propagation speed of tidal waves varies significantly across different river sections, with the speed of semi-diurnal tides generally higher in the mouth area compared to diurnal tides. Moreover, the amplitude attenuation of each tidal component within the lagoon is substantial, particularly notable for the amplitude gradient of S₂, M₄, and MS₄ tidal constituents, which reaches up to 4×10^-6m^-1.

Key words: modified harmonic analysis model on the basis of the credo of smoothness (MHACS), tidal wave propagation, T-tide, tidal wave attenuation, wave propagation celerity

中图分类号:

P731.22

王雅君, 张司一, 欧素英, 蔡华阳, 朱馨雨, 朱磊. 基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(1): 93-107.

WANG Yajun, ZHANG Siyi, OU Suying, CAI Huayang, ZHU Xinyu, ZHU Lei. Analysis of tidal hydrodynamics characteristics of the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon system in Huizhou, Guangdong based on modified harmonic analysis model using the credo of smoothness[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(1): 93-107.

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编号	位置	经度	纬度	测量时间	时间长度/h
CTD-1	潟湖口门	114°53'24" E	22°34'30"N	2020-07-03, 16:00—2020-08-19, 16:00	1129
				2022-08-22, 16:00—2022-11-09, 15:00	1896
				2022-11-10, 10:00—2023-04-25, 6:00	3981
				2023-06-19, 10:00—2023-12-02, 8:00	3983
CTD-2	潟湖中段	114°52'37"E	22°36'29"N	2020-07-04, 9:00—2020-08-19, 8:00	1104
				2022-08-22, 16:00—2022-11-09, 15:00	1896
				2022-11-10, 10:00—2023-04-25, 6:00	3981
				2023-06-19, 10:00—2023-12-02, 8:00	3983
CTD-3	潟湖上段	114°53'31"E	22°37'26"N	2020-07-03, 16:00—2020-8-19, 16:00	1129

特征值	CTD-1	CTD-2		CTD-3
平均涨潮潮差/m	0.72	0.65		0.54
平均落潮潮差/m	0.67	0.63		0.49
平均潮差/m	0.69	0.64		0.52
最大涨潮潮差/m	1.17	1.09		1.01
最大落潮潮差/m	1.87	1.57		1.19
平均潮波振幅/m	0.34	0.31		0.25
特征值	潟湖近口段		潟湖中上段
衰减率绝对值/(10^-4·m^-1)	0.14		2.84
高潮位传播速度/(m·s^-1)	5.25		1.91
低潮位传播速度/(m·s^-1)	3.13		0.62
平均传播速度/(m·s^-1)	3.06		0.34

潮汐	CTD-1					CTD-2				CTD-3
	振幅η/cm			迟角		振幅η/cm		迟角		振幅η/cm		迟角
	MHACS	CHA	MHACS		CHA	MHACS	MHACS	CHA	CHA	MHACS	CHA	MHACS	CHA
M₂	29.77	30.18	239.75°		240.90°	27.01	26.83	252.73°	253.02°	11.55	12.72	580.83°	428.05°
S₂	10.48	9.14	265.09°		277.41°	8.15	6.81	283.12°	292.45°	2.32	2.70	519.24°	545.93°
N₂	5.50	5.55	230.61°		259.75°	5.04	5.14	248.42°	247.99°	2.45	3.18	565.30°	610.42°
K₂	2.78	-	268.82°		-	2.14	-	289.21°	-	0.71	-	503.20°	-
K₁	32.38	37.00	288.34°		301.69°	30.18	36.63	298.42°	308.78°	25.95	29.59	296.38°	316.75°
O₁	28.21	24.83	241.35°		239.68°	26.49	23.54	252.60°	250.55°	22.94	19.91	251.36°	268.11°
P₁	10.49	-	281.40°		-	9.72	-	291.69°	-	8.38	-	290.80°	-
Q₁	4.38	3.89	232.83°		216.41°	4.44	4.34	247.50°	231.97°	3.67	3.21	237.83°	249.69°
M₄	11.21	12.14	260.08°		261.56°	9.90	10.32	282.65°	283.72°	2.12	3.31	282.65°	286.37°
MS₄	5.07	-	339.08°		-	4.16	-	376.70°	-	0.69	-	376.70°	-

分潮	CTD-1		CTD-2		CTD-3
分潮	振幅η/cm	迟角φ	振幅η/cm	迟角φ	振幅η/cm	迟角φ
M₂	29.90	240.45°	27.74	253.33°	11.55	580.83°
S₂	11.21	264.35°	9.45	279.17°	2.32	519.24°
N₂	6.17	229.93°	5.78	245.56°	2.45	565.30°
K₂	3.03	267.37°	2.54	283.01°	0.71	503.20°
K₁	33.45	288.18°	31.94	296.38°	25.95	304.74°
O₁	27.77	241.61°	26.55	251.36°	22.94	257.65°
P₁	10.86	281.88°	10.31	290.80°	8.38	297.66°
Q₁	4.81	228.72°	4.77	237.83°	3.67	251.72°
M₄	11.21	260.08°	9.90	265.47°	2.12	597.32°
MS₄	5.07	339.08°	4.16	350.00°	0.69	677.48°

分潮	CTD-1至CTD-2		CTD-2至CTD-3
分潮	${{C}_{A}}$/(m·s^-1)	$\delta $/(10^-6 m^-1)	${{C}_{A}}$/(m·s^-1)	$\delta $/(10^-6 m^-1)
M₂	3.25	-0.14	0.07	-3.05
S₂	2.92	-0.33	0.09	-4.49
N₂	2.63	-0.13	0.07	-2.99
K₂	2.78	-0.34	0.10	-4.19
K₁	2.65	-0.09	1.35	-0.77
O₁	2.07	-0.09	1.66	-0.54
P₁	2.42	-0.10	1.64	-0.76
Q₁	2.13	-0.02	0.72	-0.97
M₄	3.71	-0.24	0.14	-4.80
MS₄	2.26	-0.38	0.15	-5.29

基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析

Analysis of tidal hydrodynamics characteristics of the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon system in Huizhou, Guangdong based on modified harmonic analysis model using the credo of smoothness

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