红海湾电厂温排水对海域珊瑚群落的夏季热白化影响分析

doi:10.11978/2025096

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 109-121.doi: 10.11978/2025096CSTR: 32234.14.2025096

红海湾电厂温排水对海域珊瑚群落的夏季热白化影响分析

杨冰¹^,²(), 袁涛萍¹, 董俊德¹, 江雷¹, 钱江¹, 杨清松¹, 孙慧明¹, 周炎武¹()

¹ 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
² 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-28
通讯作者: 周炎武。email: zhouyanwu@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:
杨冰(2001—), 女, 山东省滨州市人, 硕士研究生, 从事珊瑚礁生态学研究。email: yangbing23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42276160)

Effects of thermal discharge of power plants on coral communities in Honghai Bay, Guangdong Province

YANG Bing¹^,²(), YUAN Taoping¹, DONG Junde¹, JIANG Lei¹, QIAN Jiang¹, YANG Qingsong¹, SUN Huiming¹, ZHOU Yanwu¹()

¹ South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-10-09 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-28
Contact: ZHOU Yanwu. email: zhouyanwu@scsio.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276160)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

珊瑚礁是生物多样性最高的生态系统之一, 具有巨大的社会经济价值。在海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)上升的背景下, 造礁石珊瑚大规模白化的频度和强度日益加大, 其生存也面临严峻的危机。本文对红海湾海域开展2024年秋季生态调查, 有机整合太平岭核电厂和海丰火电厂温排水影响数值模拟、热周度(degree heating week, DHW)值分析, 讨论电厂温排水对珊瑚群落的影响, 为核电厂选址及生态风险评估提供政策参考。调查结果显示, 在距离温排水排放口较远的6个岛屿周边共分布着5科9属13种石珊瑚以及5科7属7种软珊瑚, 不同站点之间的珊瑚覆盖率存在较大差异(0.30%~36.38%)。白化风险预测结果表明, 温排水引发的海水升温夏季1℃影响范围进入芒屿岛珊瑚分布区, 未进入其他珊瑚分布区; 冬季2℃影响范围未进入海域珊瑚分布区。在常规气候年, 温排水对鸡心石附近珊瑚造成的影响在珊瑚的正常耐受范围之内。而在芒屿岛, 即使在常规水温的年份, 温排水也会使海水的DHW升高到4℃-周以上, 造成珊瑚白化的风险; 但进入秋季以后, SST逐渐降低, 珊瑚白化是有可能恢复的。综上, 在常规气候年, 电厂温排水对周边海岛珊瑚影响有限, 正常情况下不会对珊瑚群落造成明显不利影响。但是, 在夏季厄尔尼诺(El Niño)引发的海洋热浪期间, 温排水则会加剧海洋热浪对鸡心石和芒屿岛珊瑚的不利影响。须进一步加强科学监测与数据收集, 建立预测模型, 持续跟踪温排水对红海湾珊瑚生态的长期影响。

关键词: 红海湾, 珊瑚白化, 温排水, 热周度, 电厂

Abstract:

Coral reefs constitute ecosystems with exceptional biodiversity, contributing substantial economic value to society annually. Rising sea surface temperatures (SST) have led to a marked increase in the frequency and severity of coral bleaching events, posing a grave threat to the survival of reef-building corals. To assess the impact of thermal discharge from power plants on coral communities, an ecological survey was conducted in the Honghai Bay area during autumn 2024. This study integrated numerical simulations of thermal discharge from the Taipingling Nuclear Power Plant and Haifeng Thermal Power Plant with Degree Heating Week (DHW) analysis. The findings offer a policy-oriented reference for the siting of nuclear power plants and ecological risk assessment. The survey revealed that six islands, situated at a considerable distance from the thermal discharge outlets, harbored a diverse range of coral species, including 13 species of stony corals (belonging to 5 families and 9 genera) and 7 species of soft corals (spanning 5 families and 7 genera). Coral coverage varied considerably among different sites, ranging from 0.30% to 36.38%. Bleaching risk predictions indicated that the 1°C seawater warming induced by thermal discharge in summer extended into the coral distribution area of Mangyu Island but did not affect other coral habitats. Conversely, in winter, the 2°C warming had no effect on any coral distribution zones. Under typical climatic conditions, the impact of thermal discharge on corals near Jixinshi Island remained within their normal tolerance thresholds. However, even in years with average water temperatures, thermal discharge elevated the DHW in Mangyu Island’s waters by more than 4°C-weeks, thereby increasing the risk of coral bleaching. Nonetheless, as SST gradually declines in autumn, coral bleaching may begin to recover. In summary, the influence of power plant thermal discharge on coral communities around the islands in Honghai Bay is limited and generally does not cause significant adverse effects under normal circumstances. However, during summer marine heatwaves triggered by El Niño, thermal discharge exacerbates the adverse effects of marine heatwaves on corals in Jixinshi Island and Mangyu Island. It is imperative to strengthen scientific monitoring and data collection, continuously assess the long-term impacts of thermal discharge on coral ecosystems across different areas of Honghai Bay, and establish data models to predict future risks.

Key words: Honghai Bay, coral bleaching, thermal discharge, Degree Heating Week (DHW), power plant

中图分类号:

Q178

杨冰, 袁涛萍, 董俊德, 江雷, 钱江, 杨清松, 孙慧明, 周炎武. 红海湾电厂温排水对海域珊瑚群落的夏季热白化影响分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(3): 109-121.

YANG Bing, YUAN Taoping, DONG Junde, JIANG Lei, QIAN Jiang, YANG Qingsong, SUN Huiming, ZHOU Yanwu. Effects of thermal discharge of power plants on coral communities in Honghai Bay, Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(3): 109-121.

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站点	岛屿	经度	纬度
1	江牡岛	115°11′19″E	22°44′41″N
2	鸡心石	115°8′23″E	22°44′36″N
3	三板洲	114°55′31″E	22°37′43″N
4	青洲	114°54′46″E	22°35′24″N
5	东碇屿	115°5′35″E	22°38′3″N
6	西碇屿	115°4′33″E	22°39′7″N

站点	样带	底质类型				水深/m	珊瑚覆盖率/%
站点	样带	生物礁石	岩石	沙	泥	水深/m	珊瑚覆盖率/%
1	1—1	76.68	9.90	13.42	0.00	4.20	3.02
	1—2	20.68	0.00	78.12	1.20	5.50	0.30
	平均值	48.68	4.95	45.77	0.60	4.85	1.66
2	2—1	98.26	0.00	1.74	0.00	2.80	8.14
	2—2	85.04	7.74	7.22	0.00	3.50	18.22
	平均值	91.65	3.87	4.48	0.00	3.15	13.18
3	3—1	91.28	0.00	8.72	0.00	3.70	11.18
	3—2	93.64	3.84	2.52	0.00	2.90	9.08
	平均值	92.46	1.92	5.62	0.00	3.3	10.13
4	4—1	98.90	0.00	1.10	0.00	3.40	21.00
	4—2	80.06	0.00	19.94	0.00	3.20	4.42
	平均值	89.48	0.00	10.52	0.00	3.30	12.71
5	5—1	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.10	17.79
	5—2	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.30	31.55
	平均值	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.70	24.67
6	6—1	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.90	35.28
	6—2	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.20	36.38
	平均值	100.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.55	35.83

类群	科	属	物种	拉丁名	珊瑚群落
类群	科	属	物种	拉丁名	1号	2号	3号	4号	5号		6号
复杂类群	鹿角珊瑚科 (Acroporidae)	蔷薇珊瑚属	鬃刺蔷薇珊瑚	Montipora hispida	+		+		+	+
			结节蔷薇珊瑚	Montipora tuberculosa		+
			截顶蔷薇珊瑚	Montipora truncata	+	+	+
			膨胀蔷薇珊瑚	Montipora turgescens					+	+
	滨珊瑚科 (Poritidae)	角孔珊瑚属	团块角孔珊瑚	Goniopora lobata	+		+	+	+	+
		滨珊瑚属	团块滨珊瑚	Porites lobata		+	+	+	+	+
		滨珊瑚属	滨珊瑚 sp.	Porites sp.	+	+	+	+
	菌珊瑚科(Agariciidae)	牡丹珊瑚属	球牡丹珊瑚	Pavona cactus		+
	木珊瑚科 (Dendrophylliidae)	筒星珊瑚属	腥红筒星珊瑚	Tubastraea coccinea					+	+
	木珊瑚科 (Dendrophylliidae)	陀螺珊瑚属	盾形陀螺珊瑚	Turbinaria peltata		+		+
坚实类群	裸肋珊瑚科 (Merulinidae)	刺星珊瑚属	锯齿刺星珊瑚	Cyphastrea serailia	+	+				+
		盘星珊瑚属	标准盘星珊瑚	Dipsastraea speciosa	+	+			+	+
		角蜂巢珊瑚属	秘密角蜂巢珊瑚	Favites abdita		+	+
软珊瑚	穗珊瑚科 (Nephtheidae)	棘穗软珊瑚属	棘穗软珊瑚	Dendronephthya cervicornis					+	+
	穗珊瑚科 (Nephtheidae)	穗软珊瑚属	穗软珊瑚	Nephthea sp.					+	+
	鞭柳珊瑚科(Ellisellidae)	鞭柳珊瑚属	鞭柳珊瑚	Ellisella sp.				+
	类尖柳珊瑚科 (Paramuriceidae)	刺柳珊瑚属	刺柳珊瑚	Echinogorgia sp.					+	+
	丛柳珊瑚科 (Plexauridae)	丛柳珊瑚属	弯真丛柳珊瑚	Euplexaura curvata					+	+
	丛柳珊瑚科 (Plexauridae)	小月柳珊瑚属	小月柳珊瑚	Menella kanisa				+
	软珊瑚科(Alcyoniidae)	多棘软珊瑚属	多棘软珊瑚	Spongodes sp.					+	+

年份	鸡心石周边海域/℃	芒屿岛周边海域/℃
2019	28.352	28.625
2020	28.817	29.034
2021	28.656	28.886
2022	29.204	29.294
2023	29.019	29.176
2024	29.096	29.340

月份	鸡心石周边海域/℃	芒屿岛周边海域/℃
6	28.399	28.474
7	28.945	29.024
8	28.690	28.729
9	28.648	28.674

红海湾电厂温排水对海域珊瑚群落的夏季热白化影响分析

Effects of thermal discharge of power plants on coral communities in Honghai Bay, Guangdong Province

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地点	基准水温年份	珊瑚白化压力标准	温排水影响	DHW/(℃-week)	珊瑚白化死亡风险
鸡心石	2019	NOAA标准	不考虑	0.145	无
	2019	NOAA标准	考虑	2.153	无
	2024	NOAA标准	不考虑	7.337	白化风险高
	2024	NOAA标准	考虑	10.471	白化死亡风险高
芒屿岛	2019	NOAA标准	不考虑	0.483	无
	2019	NOAA标准	考虑	5.800	白化风险高
	2024	NOAA标准	不考虑	9.053	白化死亡风险高
	2024	NOAA标准	考虑	17.362	白化死亡风险高

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