液化天然气接收站冷排水余氯对近岸海域生态环境影响的三维数值模拟

doi:10.11978/2024140

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

液化天然气(liquefied natural gas, LNG)接收站冷排水排放可能会对邻近海域生态环境产生影响。依托深圳LNG项目, 利用MIKE 3三维水动力余氯模型计算了余氯在海水中的运移规律, 分析了深圳LNG接收站冷排水对大鹏湾海域生态环境的影响。通过将计算的潮位和不同水深处的潮流与实测数据进行验证, 证实了所建立三维水动力模型的可靠性。在此基础上, 计算了典型大、小潮条件下受纳海域余氯浓度增量的水平和垂向三维空间分布特征, 以及多排放源的相互影响。工程排水余氯在表层和底层的扩散影响范围大于中层; 余氯主要影响近岸海域, 未对周边水环境敏感目标和其他工程取水产生直接影响。本文研究结果可为冷排水的三维数值模拟、LNG接收站选址及水生态环境影响评估提供参考。

关键词: 液化天然气, 冷排水, 余氯, 生态环境影响, 三维数值模拟

Abstract:

The cold drainage of an LNG (liquefied natural gas) terminal affects the ecological environment of the adjacent sea area. Taking the Shenzhen LNG terminal as a case study, the MIKE 3 hydrodynamic residual chlorine model was used to calculate the transport mechanisms of residual chlorine in seawater, and the influence of cold drainage of the Shenzhen LNG terminal on the ecological environment of Dapeng Bay was analyzed. The calculated tidal level and tidal current at different water depths were verified with the measured data, which confirmed the reliability of the established 3D hydrodynamic model. On this basis, the horizontal and vertical three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of residual chlorine concentration in the receiving sea area were calculated, as well as the interaction of multiple emission sources, under typical spring and neap tide conditions. The results show that the diffusion scope of residual chlorine in the surface layer and bottom layer was greater than that in the middle layer, and the residual chlorine mainly affected the nearshore sea area and had no direct impact on the sensitive targets of the surrounding water environment and the water intake of other projects. The results of this paper can provide corresponding reference for the three-dimensional numerical simulation of cold drainage, site selection and ecological environment impact assessment of LNG terminals.

Key words: liquefied natural gas (LNG), cold drainage, residual chlorine, ecological environmental impact, three-dimensional numerical simulation

中图分类号:

刘文明, 刘羽乔. 液化天然气接收站冷排水余氯对近岸海域生态环境影响的三维数值模拟[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(3): 217-223.

LIU Wenming, LIU Yuqiao. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the effect of residual chlorine in cold drainage of liquefied natural gas terminal on ecological environment in coastal waters[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(3): 217-223.

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工程名称	取排水量/(m³·h^-1)	取水深度/m	排水深度/m
东部电厂	228420	4.8	表层
大鹏LNG	38400	表层	7.8
深圳LNG	38400	3.8	8.3

站位	经度	纬度	观测内容	观测时段	备注
P1	114°16′24″E	22°35′13″N	潮位	2023.07.04—07.05	大鹏湾盐田港
P2	114°26′05″E	22°35′02″N	潮位	2008.05.21—05.22	工程区
P3	114°24′29″E	22°28′39″N	表、中、底层流速	2008.05.21—05.22	工程区周边海域
P4	114°26′24″E	22°33′29″N	表、中、底层流速	2008.05.21—05.22	大鹏湾中部

水层	包络面积/km²		最大扩散距岸距离/km
水层	大潮	小潮	大潮	小潮
表层	2.27	1.33	1.13	1.07
中层	0.91	0.52	0.59	0.52
底层	1.33	0.85	0.82	0.78