海南典型热带海草床4种代表性鱼类的生长特征及其对海草资源量变化的响应

doi:10.11978/2020007

热带海洋学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 62-70.doi: 10.11978/2020007CSTR: 32234.14.2020007

海南典型热带海草床4种代表性鱼类的生长特征及其对海草资源量变化的响应

陈启明^1,^2,^3,⁴(), 刘松林^1,^2,⁴, 张弛⁵, 崔黎军^1,^2,^3,⁴, 江志坚^1,^2,⁴, 吴云超^1,^2,⁴, 黄小平^1,^2,^3,⁴()

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州), 广东广州 511458
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院, 广东广州 510301
5.中国海洋大学, 水产学院, 山东青岛 266003

收稿日期:2020-01-12 修回日期:2020-03-09 出版日期:2020-09-10 发布日期:2020-03-19
通讯作者: 黄小平
作者简介:陈启明(1994—), 男, 广东省广州市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋生态生物研究。E-mail: qmcxtzgg@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41730529);国家自然科学基金项目(41806147);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0405);广州市科技计划项目(201904010370);中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目(ISEE2018PY01);中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目(ISEE2018ZD02)

Growth characteristics of four representative fishes and their responses to seagrass resource changes in typical tropical seagrass beds of Hainan Island

CHEN Qiming^1,^2,^3,⁴(), LIU Songlin^1,^2,⁴, ZHANG Chi⁵, CUI Lijun^1,^2,^3,⁴, JIANG Zhijian^1,^2,⁴, WU Yunchao^1,^2,⁴, HUANG Xiaoping^1,^2,^3,⁴()

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
5. College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China

Received:2020-01-12 Revised:2020-03-09 Online:2020-09-10 Published:2020-03-19
Contact: Xiaoping HUANG
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41730529);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41806147);Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0405);Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(201904010370);Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISEE2018PY01);Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISEE2018ZD02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章以海南岛新村湾、黎安港和潭门港海草床为研究区域, 选取褐篮子鱼(Siganus fuscessens)、点斑篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)、四带牙鯻(Pelates quadrilineatus)和细鳞鯻(Terapon jarbua) 4种代表性鱼类为研究对象, 分析其体长与体质量的关系, 并探讨4种鱼类对海草资源量变化的响应。结果表明, 除栖息于潭门港海草床的4种鱼为负异速生长, 其他区域海草床的鱼类均为正异速或等速生长; 4种鱼的体质量生长速率(即异速生长因子b)和肥满度呈现黎安港>新村湾>潭门港的趋势, 并与3个海草床的海草覆盖率、密度和生物量的变化趋势一致; 推测海草资源量下降可能增加鱼类的被捕食压力和减少食物来源, 从而导致生活于海草床的代表性鱼类生长速率下降。

关键词: 海草床, 鱼类, 生长特征, 海草资源量

Abstract:

The functions of seagrass beds to provide food and shelter in response to changes in seagrass coverage are still unclear. Xincun Bay, Li’an Port and Tanmen Port seagrass beds of Hainan Island were chosen as our research areas; and Siganus fuscessens, Siganus guttatus, Pelates quadrilineatus, and Terapon jarbua were selected for our research. The relationships between body length and body mass of these four representative fishes, and their responses to seagrass resource changes were addressed. The results showed that the four species inhabiting the Tanmen seagrass bed had negative allometric growth, and the ones in other seagrass beds had positive allometric or constant growth. The body mass growth rate (allometric growth factor b) and the fatness of these four fishes showed the trend of Li’an Port > Xincun Bay > Tanmen Port, which was consistent with the trend of seagrass coverage, density and biomass of the three seagrass beds. We speculate that the decreasing resources of seagrass increase the predation pressure of fish and reduce their food sources, and might consequently decrease growth rates of these representative fishes. Therefore, the protection of seagrass beds needs to be strengthened to promote the restoration of coastal fishery resources.

Key words: seagrass bed, fish, growth characteristics, seagrass resource

中图分类号:

P735.121

陈启明, 刘松林, 张弛, 崔黎军, 江志坚, 吴云超, 黄小平. 海南典型热带海草床4种代表性鱼类的生长特征及其对海草资源量变化的响应[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2020, 39(5): 62-70.

CHEN Qiming, LIU Songlin, ZHANG Chi, CUI Lijun, JIANG Zhijian, WU Yunchao, HUANG Xiaoping. Growth characteristics of four representative fishes and their responses to seagrass resource changes in typical tropical seagrass beds of Hainan Island[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(5): 62-70.

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海菖蒲海草生物学指标	潭门港	新村湾	黎安港
覆盖率/%	24.60±2.75^a	47.60±3.04^b	61.20±6.97^c
茎枝密度/(株·m^-2)	147.20±5.99^a	214.40±13.00^b	256.00±25.30^b
海草根生物量/(g·m^-2)	192.26±81.12^a	222.59±28.74^a	539.19±227.24^a
海草茎生物量/(g·m^-2)	300.88±71.70^a	1300.85±182.35^a	2713.96±628.86^b
海草叶片生物量/(g·m^-2)	247.43±88.49^a	513.73±108.44^a	1121.80±127.07^b

鱼种	采样地点	样本量	长度范围/cm	a	b	r²	t
褐篮子鱼	黎安港	33	6.7~23.0	0.01	3.23	0.99	2.94**
	新村湾	33	4.3~21.9	0.02	3.03	0.99	1.73^ns
	潭门港	75	6.4~27.8	0.04	2.76	0.98	5.07**
点斑篮子鱼	黎安港	31	7.1~21.0	0.03	3.05	0.97	3.78**
	新村湾	30	8.6~25.0	0.04	3.08	0.99	10.31**
	潭门港	40	6.9~24.5	0.06	2.81	0.96	5.86**
四带牙鯻	黎安港	40	5.4~13.1	0.01	3.32	0.99	8.59**
	新村湾	77	4.4~12.6	0.01	3.20	0.99	10.33**
	潭门港	26	8.4~9.8	0.01	2.95	0.95	6.52**
细鳞鯻	黎安港	47	4.9~14.0	0.02	3.17	0.97	8.57**
	新村湾	25	6.5~15.4	0.02	3.05	0.98	4.81**
	潭门港	31	6.5~16.0	0.03	2.91	0.97	4.61**

对比区域	褐篮子鱼	点斑篮子鱼	四带牙鯻	细鳞鯻
黎安港vs新村湾	0.95^ns	1.09^ns	0.13^ns	0.22^ns
黎安港vs潭门港	4.28*	4.00*	4.19*	9.14**
新村湾vs潭门港	3.37^ns	8.88**	0.71^ns	3.25^ns

研究区域	褐篮子鱼	点斑篮子鱼	四带牙鯻	细鳞鯻	参考文献
菲律宾, 巴拉望岛	2.51				Palla等(2018)
菲律宾, 普哈达湾	3.01				Jumawan-Nanual等(2008)
新喀里多尼亚	3.01				Letourneur等(1998)
菲律宾, 达沃湾		3.01		2.89	Gumanao等(2016)
菲律宾, 本田湾		2.95			Jumawan-Nanual等(2008)
日本, 冲绳海域		3.00			Database of IGFA (2009)
土耳其, 地中海			2.96		Taskavak (2001)
泰国, 罗勇府				2.88	Yamagawa (1994)
南非, 河口				2.94	Harrison (2001)
也门, 亚丁湾				2.99	Lavergne等(2013)
中国北部湾				2.76	Wang等(2011)
中国湛江沿海				2.88	张健东等(2002)
中国香港西、南及东部水域			3.11		Perkins等(2019)
中国海南岛海域	3.02	3.02	3.14	3.04	本研究

海南典型热带海草床4种代表性鱼类的生长特征及其对海草资源量变化的响应

Growth characteristics of four representative fishes and their responses to seagrass resource changes in typical tropical seagrass beds of Hainan Island

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