福建东山湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布研究

doi:10.11978/2022002

热带海洋学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 154-162.doi: 10.11978/2022002CSTR: 32234.14.2022002

福建东山湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布研究

王朝晖¹(), 张宇宁¹, 王文婷¹, 谢昌良¹, 陈佳卓¹, 郑虎¹, 王军星²()

1.暨南大学生命科学技术学院生态学系, 广东广州 510632
2.惠州市海洋技术中心, 广东惠州 516003

收稿日期:2022-02-12 修回日期:2022-03-04 出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2022-08-04
通讯作者: 王军星
作者简介:王朝晖(1968—), 女, 湖南长沙人, 教授, 主要从事海洋生态学研究。email: twzh@jnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100200);国家自然科学基金项目(42076141)

Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments on the Dongshan Bay, Fujian province, China

WANG Zhaohui¹(), ZHANG Yuning¹, WANG Wenting¹, XIE Changliang¹, CHEN Jiazhuo¹, ZHENG Hu¹, WANG Junxing²()

1. Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2. Huizhou Marine Technology Center, Huizhou 516003, China

Received:2022-02-12 Revised:2022-03-04 Online:2022-07-10 Published:2022-08-04
Contact: WANG Junxing
Supported by:
Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2018FY100200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076141)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究于2016年11月在福建东山湾海域采集了表层沉积物, 对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布规律进行了研究, 重点揭示了有毒有害甲藻孢囊的分布; 同时测定了沉积物中生源要素含量, 以揭示孢囊分布与生源要素的关系。共鉴定甲藻孢囊22种, 包括自养型14种和异养型8种, 优势种为原多甲藻孢囊。孢囊的种类多样性指数(H')偏低, 为1.70~2.38之间; 均匀度指数(J)为0.64~0.84。孢囊密度介于70.6~136.4个·g^-1, 平均为107.2个·g^-1, 在漳江口和八尺门海域较低。东山湾表层沉积物中较高的异养型甲藻孢囊百分含量(平均75.5%)在一定程度上说明了水体中较高的初级生产力及富营养化水平。值得注意的是, 本研究分析鉴定出7种有毒有害甲藻的孢囊, 包括麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxin, PSP)原因种奥氏亚历山大藻(Alexandrium ostenfeldii)和链状/塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella/tamarense)孢囊复合体、虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin, YTX)原因种具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)、环胺藻毒素(azaspiracid, AZP)潜在原因种环胺藻(Azadinium sp)、产生鱼毒素的哈曼褐多沟藻(Polykrikos hartmannii)以及赤潮藻类Barrufeta bravensis和锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella acuminate)。整体来说, 这些有毒有害藻类的孢囊密度较低, 但具刺膝沟藻在某些站位的高密度出现需引起关注。

关键词: 甲藻孢囊, 东山湾, 沉积物, 生源要素, 有毒有害赤潮

Abstract:

Surface sediments were collected on the Dongshan Bay of Fujian Province China in November 2016. Dinoflagellate cysts were analyzed in the sediments with a particular focus on the distribution of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate cysts. The contents of biogenic elements were examined to reveal the relationships between cysts and biogenic elements. A total of 22 cyst taxa were identified, including 14 autotrophic and 8 heterotrophic taxa. Cysts of Protoperidinium dominated in the sediments. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.70 to 2.38, and Pielou’s evenness index (J) ranged between 0.64 and 0.84. Cyst concentrations ranged from 70.6 to 136.4 cysts·g^-1, with an average of 107.2 cysts·g^-1. Cyst concentrations were lower in the Zhangjiang estuary and Bachimen area. The high percentages of cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (averagely 75.5%) suggested the high primary productivity and eutrophication level on the Dongshan Bay. Notably, cysts of seven toxic and/or harmful algal bloom (HAB) species were identified in this study, including cysts of the paralytic shellfish toxin (PSP) producers Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. catenella/tamarense, the yessotoxin (YTX) producers Gonyaulax spinifera, the potential azaspiracid (AZP) producer Azadinium sp., the ichthyotoxic species Polykrikos hartmannii, and the bloom species Barrufeta bravensis and Scrippsiella acuminata. Cysts of the HAB species generally occurred in small numbers, however, high numbers of cysts of G. spinifera in some stations need to be concerned.

Key words: Dinoflagellate cysts, Dongshan Bay, sediments, biogenic elements, harmful algal bloom

中图分类号:

P735.53

王朝晖, 张宇宁, 王文婷, 谢昌良, 陈佳卓, 郑虎, 王军星. 福建东山湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(4): 154-162.

WANG Zhaohui, ZHANG Yuning, WANG Wenting, XIE Changliang, CHEN Jiazhuo, ZHENG Hu, WANG Junxing. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments on the Dongshan Bay, Fujian province, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(4): 154-162.

图/表 6

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目	学名	中文名	有毒有害性	DS1	DS2	DS3	DS4	DS5	DS6	DS7	DS8	DS9
膝沟藻目 Gonyaulacales	Alexandrium catenella/tamarense	链状/塔玛亚历山大藻	PSP		+	+
	Alexandrium ostenfeldii	奥氏亚历山大藻	PSP	+			+
	Gonyaulax elongata	长膝沟藻		+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+
	Gonyaulax spinifera	具刺膝沟藻	YTX	+			+	+	+	+	+	+
	Gonyaulax whaseongensis	膝沟藻		+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Sourniaea diacantha			+		+	+	+	+		+	+
Thoracosphaerales	Scrippsiella acuminata	锥状斯氏藻	HAB	+				+	+		+	+
Thoracosphaerales	Scrippsiella crystallina	水晶斯氏藻		+	+	+		+	+	+		+
Suessiales	Biecheleria tirezensis	别什藻		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
裸甲藻目 Gymnodiniales	Barrufeta bravensis		赤潮藻	+	+		+		+		+	+
	Gymnodinium plasticum	裸甲藻		+	+		+	+		+	+
	Polykrikos hartmannii	哈曼褐多沟藻	鱼毒素	+	+				+		+
	Polykrikos schwartzii	无纹多沟藻		+	+	+			+
多甲藻目 Peridiniales	Heterocapsa niei	异囊藻		+	+		+	+		+		+
	Protoperidinium abei	阿氏原多甲藻		+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+
	Protoperidinium claudicans	窄角原多甲藻						+
	Protoeridinium conicum	锥型原多甲藻				+		+	+	+
	Protoperidinium denticulatum	锯齿原多甲藻		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Protoperidinium leonis	里昂原多甲藻		+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
	Protoperidinium minimum	微小原多甲藻			+		+	+			+
	Protoperidinium pentagonum	五角原多甲藻			+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
未确定目 Dinophyceae incertae sedis	Azadinium sp.	环胺藻	潜在AZP	+		+		+			+	+
孢囊种类数				17	14	13	13	16	15	12	15	14

	TN	TP	BSi	TOC	孢囊种类	孢囊密度	膝沟藻密度	裸甲藻密度	多甲藻密度	Thor	Sues	环胺藻
TN	1	0.961**	-0.302	0.856**	-0.334	-0.593	-0.415	-0.133	-0.335	0.236	-0.17	-0.614
TP	0.961**	1	-0.428	0.896**	-0.347	-0.559	-0.504	-0.187	-0.226	0.162	-0.306	-0.53
BSi	-0.302	-0.428	1	-0.503	0.161	0.119	0.443	0.473	-0.28	0.159	0.385	-0.182
TOC	0.856**	0.896**	-0.503	1	-0.05	-0.336	-0.312	0.086	-0.24	0.393	0.023	-0.451
孢囊种类	-0.334	-0.347	0.161	-0.05	1	0.771*	0.768*	0.796*	0.04	0.333	0.595	0.384
孢囊密度	-0.593	-0.559	0.119	-0.336	0.771*	1	0.48	0.406	0.603	-0.109	0.24	0.426
膝沟藻密度	-0.415	-0.504	0.443	-0.312	0.768*	0.48	1	0.822**	-0.362	0.253	0.619	0.518
裸甲藻密度	-0.133	-0.187	0.473	0.086	0.796*	0.406	0.822**	1	-0.44	0.583	0.764*	0.137
多甲藻密度	-0.335	-0.226	-0.28	-0.24	0.04	0.603	-0.362	-0.44	1	-0.572	-0.427	0.107
Thor	0.236	0.162	0.159	0.393	0.333	-0.109	0.253	0.583	-0.572	1	0.551	-0.139
Sues	-0.17	-0.306	0.385	0.023	0.595	0.24	0.619	0.764*	-0.427	0.551	1	-0.142
环胺藻	-0.614	-0.53	-0.182	-0.451	0.384	0.426	0.518	0.137	0.107	-0.139	-0.142	1

福建东山湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布研究

Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments on the Dongshan Bay, Fujian province, China

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