三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究*

doi:10.11978/2023086

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 177-186.doi: 10.11978/2023086CSTR: 32234.14.2023086

三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究^*

张浴阳¹^,²^,³(), 刘骋跃¹^,²^,³, 俞晓磊¹^,²^,³, 罗勇¹^,²^,³, 周天成¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 练健生¹^,²^,³, 黄晖¹^,²^,³()

1.中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
2.三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室, 海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室, 三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院, 海南三亚 572000
3.海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南三亚 572000
4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-06-26 修回日期:2023-09-02 出版日期:2024-05-10 发布日期:2024-06-04
作者简介:
张浴阳(1978—), 男, 河北省秦皇岛市人, 副研究员, 从事珊瑚礁生态修复研究。email: yyzhang@scsio.ac.cn
*感谢海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站提供技术支持。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0502804); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3102002); 海南省自然科学基金(9423MS130); 国家自然科学基金(42276124); 广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202201010207)

Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*

ZHANG Yuyang¹^,²^,³(), LIU Chengyue¹^,²^,³, YU Xiaolei¹^,²^,³, LUO Yong¹^,²^,³, ZHOU Tiancheng¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LIAN Jiansheng¹^,²^,³, HUANG Hui¹^,²^,³()

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, SCSIO, Sanya 572000, China
3. Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station; Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-06-26 Revised:2023-09-02 Online:2024-05-10 Published:2024-06-04
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0502804); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3102002); Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(9423MS130); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276124); Guangzhou General Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(202201010207)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

造礁石珊瑚既是构成珊瑚礁生态系统中的关键功能生物, 也是国家二级保护野生动物, 其数量的快速衰退已引起了广泛关注, 因此近年来我国对造礁石珊瑚以及珊瑚礁生态系统的保护正在逐步加强。海岸工程易对周边的珊瑚礁造成严重影响, 实施保护性迁移是降低工程对造礁石珊瑚影响的重要手段。为研究海南热带海域造礁石珊瑚迁移方法以及迁移保护的效果, 我们对三亚凤凰岛二期项目拆除工程影响海域内的造礁石珊瑚实施了保护性迁移及监测。迁移造礁石珊瑚个体共计16634株, 包括鹿角珊瑚属、牡丹珊瑚属、滨珊瑚属等18属造礁石珊瑚种类。迁移个体分别迁移至鹿回头海域6210株与西岛海域10424株。迁移珊瑚采用了三种移植方法, 分别为铆钉移植、小型移植礁体移植与直接摆放。在迁移至鹿回头和西岛两地8个月后, 迁移珊瑚平均存活率均在80%以上, 两地迁移珊瑚的总存活率为86.24%。调查的结果显示, 铆钉移植的方法存活率最高, 小型移植礁体和直接摆放的两种移植方法存活率稍低。迁移至西岛的珊瑚8个月平均生长了3.03cm, 的增长率为23.31%, 而鹿回头迁入的珊瑚平均生长了6.15cm, 增长率为58.74%, 高于迁移至西岛的珊瑚。迁移采用的三种移植方法的8个月的存活率均高于75%, 并且珊瑚的生长速率较好, 说明珊瑚适应迁入区环境。由以上结果来看, 此次保护性迁移珊瑚数量多, 涉及的珊瑚种类广, 在迁移后经受过两次台风的影响, 迁移结果具有一定的代表性。本研究中, 珊瑚迁移的效果达到了保护受拆除工程影响的造礁石珊瑚的目的, 可为未来的珊瑚迁移性保护提供重要经验。

关键词: 造礁石珊瑚, 珊瑚礁保护, 珊瑚迁移, 三亚珊瑚礁, 凤凰岛

Abstract:

Scleractinian corals are key functional organisms in the coral reef ecosystem, and are secondary protected wild animals in China. The decline of their population has attracted widespread attention, and the protection of scleractinian corals and the coral reef ecosystem has been gradually strengthened in recent years. Coastal projects threat the coral reefs nearby by causing serious impacts on scleractinian corals, and protective relocation of affected corals is needed to reduce the impacts of projects. In order to study the relocation method of corals in Hainan tropical waters and the effect of relocation protection, we relocated and monitored the scleractinian corals that were impacted by coastal project. A total of 16, 634 corals were relocated, including 18 genera of coral specie. 6, 210 corals were relocated to the Luhuitou Reef, and 10, 424 corals were relocated to the West Island Reef. The transplantation methods include nail transplantation, small artificial reef transplantation and direct placement. After 8 months of relocation, the coral survival rate was above 80% in both the Luhuitou reef and West Island, except the direct placement of coral individuals in the West Island decreased to 76%. Combining each relocation method with the number of corals in the transplantation site, the total survival rate of relocated corals after 8 months of relocation was 86.24%. The results of the two surveys showed that the nail transplantation method had the highest survival rate, and the small artificial reef transplantation and direct placement had slightly lower survival rates. The corals relocated to West Island grew an average of 3.03 cm in 8 months, with a growth rate of 23.31%, while the corals relocated to Luhuitou grew 6.15 cm in average, with a growth rate of 58.74%, which is higher than that of the West Island corals. Eight months after relocation, the survival rates of the three transplantation methods were all above 75%, indicating that the corals are well adapted to the environment of the relocated areas. From the above results, the effect of this coral relocation achieved the purpose of protecting the scleractinian corals affected by coastal project, which can provide important experience for the future coral conservation.

Key words: scleractinian coral, coral reef conservation, coral relocation, Sanya coral reef, Fenghuang Island

张浴阳, 刘骋跃, 俞晓磊, 罗勇, 周天成, 练健生, 黄晖. 三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(3): 177-186.

ZHANG Yuyang, LIU Chengyue, YU Xiaolei, LUO Yong, ZHOU Tiancheng, LIAN Jiansheng, HUANG Hui. Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 177-186.

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环境条件	备选迁入地
环境条件	鹿回头	西岛	东岛	小东海
运输距离	距离迁出地4km	距离迁出地12km	距离迁出地8km	需绕行鹿回头半岛, 距离约10km
人类活动	渔业活动少, 主要为零星渔民进入钓鱼	西侧渔业活动少, 有旅游公司进行监管	渔业活动多	赶潮的游客数量多, 有渔民捕鱼
污染排放	无污染排放	有污水处理后排放	无污染排放	有污水处理后排放
珊瑚礁	珊瑚礁沿海岸分布较广	西侧珊瑚礁发育较好	珊瑚礁发育较好	珊瑚礁沿海岸分布较广
敌害生物	有少量核果螺分布	有核果螺和少量长棘海星分布	有核果螺和少量长棘海星分布	有核果螺分布

活珊瑚覆盖率	面积/m²
≥50%	176.7
40%~50%	12073.3
30%~40%	11930
20%~30%	17180
10%~20%	24433
<10%	45784

区域	深度/m	石珊瑚种数	区域优势种	全区域优势种
1号	1	1	指状蔷薇珊瑚	指状蔷薇珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、角孔珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚、累积滨珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚
	2	4	指状蔷薇珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、滨珊瑚
	4	12	澄黄滨珊瑚、角孔珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、龟岛蔷薇珊瑚
	6	4	肾形陀螺珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、柱形筛珊瑚
2号	1	1	指状蔷薇珊瑚
	2	8	鹿角杯形珊瑚、指状蔷薇珊瑚、横错蔷薇珊瑚、佳丽鹿角珊瑚
	3	16	累积滨珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚、风信子鹿角珊瑚
	5	9	累积滨珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、彰显鹿角珊瑚
	6	2	板叶牡丹珊瑚、角孔珊瑚
3号	1	2	指状蔷薇珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚
	2	17	鹿角杯形珊瑚、指状蔷薇珊瑚、佳丽鹿角珊瑚、美丽鹿角珊瑚
	3	17	鹿角杯形珊瑚、斯氏角孔珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚
	4	13	角孔珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚
4号	2	11	鹿角杯形珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、十字牡丹珊瑚、澄黄滨珊瑚
	3	11	角孔珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚、柱角孔珊瑚
	4	15	鹿角杯形珊瑚、斯氏伯孔珊瑚、翼形蔷薇珊瑚、丛生盔形珊瑚

珊瑚类群	迁入数/株
珊瑚类群	西岛	鹿回头	总计
鹿角珊瑚属Acropora	3650	3195	6845
牡丹珊瑚属Pavona	4337	2000	6337
滨珊瑚属Porites	740	28	768
沙珊瑚属Psammocora	629	166	795
蔷薇珊瑚属Montipora	402	348	750
陀螺珊瑚属Turbinaria	372	246	618
角孔珊瑚属Goniopora	129	74	203
刺柄珊瑚属Hydnophora	45	27	72
扁脑珊瑚属Platygyra	48	28	76
刺星珊瑚属Cyphastrea	23	11	34
角蜂巢珊瑚属Favites	21	35	56
足柄珊瑚属Podabacia	12	13	25
纹叶珊瑚属Fimbriaphyllia	5	0	5
西沙珊瑚属Coeloseris mayeri	5	0	5
盘星珊瑚属Dipsastraea	3	18	21
石芝珊瑚属Fungia	3	0	3
肠珊瑚属Leptoria	0	5	5
筛珊瑚属Coscinaraea	0	16	16
总计	10424	6210	16634

三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究^*

Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*

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三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究*

Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya*

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三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究^*

Study on relocation effect of scleractinian coral in the Fenghuang Island, Sanya^*