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热带海洋学报

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人类活动和气候变化影响下钦江近60年悬浮泥沙浓度变化

王梦竹1, 许珊珊2, 黎树式3, 4, 5, 李建明1, 杨夏玲6, 黄升7   

  1. 1. 北部湾大学海洋学院, 广西 钦州 535011;

    2. 南宁市天桃实验学校, 广西 南宁, 530000;

    3. 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 广西 钦州 535011;

    4. 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西 钦州 535000;

    5. 北部湾海洋发展研究中心(北部湾大学), 广西 钦州 535011;

    6. 广西英华国际职业学院附属中学, 广西 钦州 535000;

    7. 南宁市第四十七中学, 广西 南宁 530000

  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26 修回日期:2025-08-06 接受日期:2025-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 黎树式
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42366008); 广西自然科学基金项目(2025GXNSFHA069274); 广西高校人文社会科学重点研究基地“北部湾海洋发展研究中心”项目

variations of suspended sediment concentration in the Qinjiang River in recent 60 years based on human activities and climate change

WANG Mengzhu1, XU Shanshan2, LI Shushi3, 4, 5, LI Jianming1, YANG Xialing6, HUANG Sheng7   

  1. 1. College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China;

    2. Tiantao Experimental School of Nanning, Guangxi, Nanning, 530000, China;

    3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, China;

    4. Guangxi Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Pinglu Canal Mouth Bay Ecosystem, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, China;

    5. Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center(Beibu Gulf University), Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535011, China;

    6. Affiliated Middle School of Guangxi Yinghua International Vocational College, Qinzhou, Guangxi, 535000, China;

    7. No. 47 Middle School of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, China

  • Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-08-06 Accepted:2025-08-25
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (42366008); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2025GXNSFHA069274); Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Universities in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region “Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Center”

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摘要： 河流中的悬浮泥沙对河口三角洲的动力沉积过程和生态系统的固碳过程具有重要影响。基于钦江陆屋水文站的悬浮泥沙和流量数据, 利用百分位数法、累积距平与回归分析等方法对钦江的悬浮泥沙浓度变化及其驱动因素进行分析。结果表明: (1)钦江近60年平均悬浮泥沙浓度呈现“中—高—低”的变化趋势。1965—1980年期间属于中等浓度阶段, 平均悬沙浓度为0.24kg·m-3; 1981—1993年为高浓度阶段, 平均悬沙浓度为0.33kg·m-3; 1994—2021年为低浓度阶段, 平均悬沙浓度为0.16kg·m-3。(2)3个阶段的月平均最大悬浮泥沙浓度均呈“洪高枯低”特征, 高浓度阶段月变幅最大, 洪枯季泥沙浓度差异显著, 反映出季节响应。(3)每日悬浮泥沙浓度的频率分布呈现出显著的阶段性特征。在高浓度阶段, 浓度大于0.4kg·m-3的事件频率达到5.2%; 而在低浓度阶段, 频率波峰分布于0.01~0.02kg·m-3区间。(4)气候变化和高强度人类活动是钦江悬浮泥沙浓度变化的重要因素。研究成果将为我国西南中小入海河流防灾减灾和平陆运河建设提供科学依据。

关键词: 悬浮泥沙浓度, 人类活动, 气候变化, 平陆运河, 钦江

Abstract: suspended sediment in the Qinjiang River and its influencing factors helps to reveal the evolution of the estuary delta and provide a scientific basis for canal engineering construction.Based on the suspended sediment and discharge data of Qinjiang River Luwu Hydrological Station, the change of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in Qinjiang River and its driving factors are analyzed by means such as percentage method, Accumulative anomalies method and regression analysis.The results show that (1)The average SSC in the Qinjiang River has shown a "medium-high-low" change trend in the past 60 years. The period 1965–1980 was in the medium concentration stage, with an average suspension concentration of 0.24kg·m-3; 1981–1993 was a high concentration stage with an average suspension concentration of 0.33kg·m-3; 1994–2021 was a low concentration stage with an average suspension concentration of 0.16kg·m-3. (2) The monthly average maximum suspended sediment concentration of the three stages showed the characteristics of "high flood and low dry", and the monthly variation amplitude of the high concentration stage was the largest. The sediment concentration difference in the flood and dry seasons was significant, reflecting the seasonal response. (3) The frequency distribution of daily suspended sediment concentration shows significant stage characteristics. In the high concentration stage, the frequency of events with concentration greater than kg·m-3 reached 5.2%; In the low concentration stage, the frequency peaks were distributed in the range of 0.01~0.02kg·m-3. (4) Climate change and high-intensity human activities are important factors for the change of suspended sediment concentration in the Qinjiang River. The research results will provide a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of small and medium-sized rivers entering the sea and the construction of land canal in Southwest China.

Key words: Suspended sediment concentration, human activities, climate change, Pinglu Canal, Qinjiang River