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热带海洋学报

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光滑和块体斜坡海堤上孤立波爬升特性研究

杨亚菲1, 蔡国朕1*, 陈翔2, 罗敏1
  

  1. 1. 浙江大学海洋学院, 浙江 舟山 316021;

    2. 广州气象卫星地面站, 广东 广州 510640



  • 收稿日期:2025-12-19 修回日期:2026-02-20 接受日期:2026-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 蔡国朕

Research on the Run-up Characteristics of Solitary Waves on Smooth and Block-Type Sloping Seawalls

YANG Yafei1, CAI Guozhen1*, CHEN Xiang2, LUO Min1   

  1. 1.College of Oceanography, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, China;

    2.Guangzhoumeteorological Satellite Ground Station, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China



  • Received:2025-12-19 Revised:2026-02-20 Accepted:2026-03-04

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摘要： 随着极端风暴潮及强非线性波浪事件的增多，斜坡式海堤在高水位与强波浪共同作用下面临显著的波浪爬升与越浪风险。孤立波作为典型的强非线性长波，其在浅水区的传播、变形与破碎过程可用于表征极端波浪条件下的爬升响应。在此背景下，考虑到光滑斜坡和块体护坡斜坡是近岸工程中常见的两类海堤形式，论文结合物理模型实验与基于 DualSPHysics+ 平台的光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）数值模拟，针对这两类斜坡海堤开展孤立波作用下的爬升特性研究，并对不同坡度和波高条件下的波浪传播、变形与爬高过程进行了系统对比分析。结果表明，数值结果与实验数据在自由液面演化、破碎位置及峰值爬高方面高度一致，验证了DualSPHysics+模型在强非线性波浪–结构相互作用模拟中的精度与适用性。与光滑斜坡相比，块体护坡斜坡的台阶几何特征对孤立波的传播与回落过程产生显著影响，使上爬水体在空间分布和形态演化上表现出更强的离散性和不连续性，从而有效削弱上爬水体规模，使最大爬高降低约 5%～25%，为斜坡海堤的优化设计与防灾减灾提供参考。

关键词: 孤立波, 波浪爬升, 块体护坡, SPH

Abstract: With the increasing occurrence of extreme storm surges and strongly nonlinear wave events, sloping seawalls are exposed to significant risks of wave run-up and overtopping under the combined effects of high water levels and intense wave loading. As a representative strongly nonlinear long wave, solitary waves and their propagation, deformation, and breaking processes in shallow water provide an effective framework for characterizing run-up responses under extreme wave conditions. In this context, considering that smooth and block-armored slopes are two common forms of seawalls in coastal engineering, this study combines physicalmodel experiments with SPH numerical simulations based on the DualSPHysics+ platform to investigate the wave run-up characteristics under solitary wave action on these two types of sloped seawalls. A systematic comparative analysis of wave propagation, deformation, and run-up processes under different slope angles and wave heights is conducted. The results show that the numerical simulations agree highly with experimental data in terms of free surface evolution, breaking locations, and peak wave run-up, thus verifying the accuracy and applicability of the DualSPHysics+model in simulating strong nonlinear wave-structure interactions. Compared with a smooth slope, the block-type slope introduces pronounced disturbances to the incident wave propagation and the rundown process through its stepped geometry, inducing multiple local breaking events and enhancing energy dissipation during the rundown stage. As a result, the effective volume of the uprushing water is significantly reduced, leading to a decrease in the maximum run-up height by approximately 5%–25%, providing a theoretical basis for the optimal design of sloping seawalls and disaster mitigation.

Key words: Solitary waves, Wave run-up, Block-armored slope, SPH