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热带海洋学报

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基于声学背散射数据的南海北部东沙海域内孤立波特征研究

熊鑫1,2, 冯英辞2*, 杨仁辉3, 孙杰2, 李健2, 詹文欢2,4, 吕开云1   

  1. 1. 东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院, 江西 南昌 330013

    2. 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东 广州 511458

    3. 中交华南勘察测绘科技有限公司, 广东 广州 510220

    4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

  • 收稿日期:2025-01-15 修回日期:2025-02-12 接受日期:2025-02-21
  • 通讯作者: 冯英辞
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助(2022YFC3103800)，广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(2025A04J5494, 2023A04J0191)

Study on the characteristics of internal solitary waves in Dongsha area of the northern South China Sea using acoustic backscatter data

XIONG Xin1,2, FENG Yingci2*, YANG Renhui3, SUN Jie2, LI Jian2, ZHAN Wenhuan2,4, LV Kaiyun1   

  1. 1.School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China;

    2.CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 511458, China;

    3.CCCC Southern China Surveying & Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510220, China;

    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  • Received:2025-01-15 Revised:2025-02-12 Accepted:2025-02-21
  • Contact: FENG, Ying-Ci
  • Supported by:

    National key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3103800); Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou (2025A04J5494, 2023A04J0191)

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摘要： 本研究利用2021年8月采集的声学背散射数据和同步水文数据, 结合卫星遥感图像, 分析东沙群岛西侧110m~180m水深海域内孤立波(internal solitary waves, ISWs)的传播和演化过程。声学图像和同步XBT(Expendable Bathythermograph)温度剖面图的比较结果显示声学图像可对150m以上水体结构精细成像。声学数据探测到3组内孤立波(ISW1, ISW2, ISW3)。内孤立波最大振幅–20~30m, 半波宽–160~380m。ISW1-3内孤立波传播速度分别为1.0m·s-1,1.2m·s-1和1.5m·s-1。内孤立波的波形特征和传播速度的观测参数更符合简化两层KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)模型的结果。ISW1具有复杂的波形特征, 而ISW3受到陆坡地形的影响具有不对称波形结构, 表明这两组内孤立波发生强烈的耗散。高分辨率声学和物理海洋联合同步观测, 可有效弥补单一手段的不足, 提高人们对南海北部内孤立波的复杂的传播过程的理解。

关键词: 内孤立波, 声学背散射数据, 南海北部, 演化过程

Abstract: Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are studied west of Dongsha islands in the northern South China Sea (SCS) using acoustic backscatter data in August 2021. Simultaneous satellite images and XBT profiles are incorporated to understand their propagation and evolution processes at depths 110-180 m. A comparison of acoustic backscatter images and simultaneous XBT profiles revealed that acoustic imaging provided fine water structures with a small difference above 150 m. Three soliton trains (ISW1, ISW2, and ISW3) with apparent vertical and horizontal scales of –20∼30 and -160~380 m, respectively, are captured by the acoustic section. Their propagation speeds are 1.0m·s-1 and 1.2m·s-1 and 1.5m·s-1, respectively. The observed characteristics of ISW are more consistent with those by using theoretical two-layer Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) models. ISW1 exhibits complex waveform characteristics, while ISW3 has an asymmetric waveform structure influenced by the slop topography. suggesting that strong dissipation of these two ISWs. Joint observations from high-resolution acoustic and hydrographic techniques provide a comprehensive approach to overcoming the limitations of single instrument measurements, and enhance our understanding of the complex propagation processes of ISWs in the northern SCS.

Key words: internal solitary waves, acoustic backscatter data, northern South China Sea, evolutionary process