长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系

doi:10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.03.088

热带海洋学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 88-93.doi: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2011.03.088cstr: 32234.14.j.issn.1009-5470.2011.03.088

长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系

刘文广 1, 李琪 2, 高凤祥 3, 于瑞海 2, 孔令峰 2

1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 中国科学院海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室, 广东广州 510301; 2. 中国海洋大学水产
学院, 山东青岛 266003; 3. 山东省海水养殖研究所, 山东青岛 266003

收稿日期:2010-04-06 修回日期:2010-05-20 出版日期:2011-07-18 发布日期:2011-07-20
通讯作者: 李琪。E-mail: qili66@ouc.edu.cn
作者简介:刘文广(1979—), 男, 山东省聊城市人, 助理研究员, 主要从事贝类生理学研究。E-mail: wg-liu@163.com
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划重点项目(2006AA10A409); 国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A01); 教育部重大培育项目
707041)

Seasonal variation in reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in relation to
environmental factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

LIU Wen-guang1, LI Qi2, GAO Feng-xiang3, YU Rui-hai2, KONG Ling-feng2

1. Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou
510301, China; 2. Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; 3. Mariculture Institute of Shandong
Province, Qingdao 266003, China

Received:2010-04-06 Revised:2010-05-20 Online:2011-07-18 Published:2011-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了阐明长牡蛎的繁殖策略, 自 2004 年 3 月—2005 年 2 月对乳山湾养殖海区的环境因子(水温、盐度、叶
绿素 a 含量)、长牡蛎繁殖周期及其生化成分(糖原、脂肪、蛋白质、RNA/DNA 比值)的季节变化进行研究。结果
显示, 水温在一年中呈现显著变化, 夏季水温最高, 最高值为 29.5 (8 ℃ 月), 冬季水温最低, 最低值为 1.8 (1 ℃ 月);
盐度在夏季雨水较多的时候略有降低; 叶绿素 a 含量在夏末秋初(8月和 9月)和春季(4月)有 2个峰值, 冬季最低。
长牡蛎的繁殖周期分为冬季的休止期和从春季到夏季的繁殖期, 在长牡蛎的繁殖期, 条件指数逐渐下降到最低值,
表明繁殖期长牡蛎生长变慢。在长牡蛎的配子发生过程中软体部蛋白质和脂肪含量略有上升, 而糖原含量显著下
降, 表明长牡蛎配子的发生需要储存的糖原提供能量; RNA/DNA 比值在配子发生过程中逐渐升高, 显示
RNA/DNA 比值可以作为一个指标来指示长牡蛎的性成熟。配子发生过程中, 长牡蛎的灰分含量逐渐升高, 表明长
牡蛎通过分解自身的贮能物质提供能量, 使体内有机物含量减少, 从而导致灰分含量上升。实验结果表明长牡蛎
的配子发生类型为保守种。

关键词: 长牡蛎, , 繁殖周期, 生化成分, 环境因子

Abstract:

he authors studies the reproductive cycle and biochemical composition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in
relation to environmental factors (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration) in the culture areas of the Rushan
Bay from March 2004 to February 2005 in order to investigate its reproductive strategy. The results show that the water tem-
perature exhibited a profound seasonal change with the highest value in summer (August, 29.5℃) and the lowest value in
winter (January, 1.8℃), and the salinity had a small drop during rainfall periods in summer. The concentration of chlorophyll a
exhibited a clear seasonal pattern characterized by two unequally sized peaks: a small one in April 2004 (17.7μg·L−1
), and a
large one in September 2004 (25.8μg·L−1
). During winter, chlorophyll a concentration was low. Gonadal development of C.
gigas began in March and spawning took place during July to September. In winter, the gonad of C. gigas entered the undif-
ferentiated phase. The condition index decreased gradually during spawning, showing that C. gigas grew up slowly during
gametogenesis. The protein and lipid content increased gradually while the glycogen content decreased sharply during game-
togenesis, suggesting that glycogen played an important role in the reproductive cycle of C. gigas. An increase in the
RNA/DNA ratio was found during gametogenesis, illustrating that RNA/DNA ratio was a valid indicator of sexual maturation in C. gigas. Significant decrease in ash content was observed during spawning, indicating that substrates stored in various
tissues were catabolized to supply energy during gametogenesis. The results demonstrate that C. gigas may be considered as a
conservative species in gametogenic pattern.

Key words: Crassostrea gigas, reproductive cycle, biochemical composition, environmental factor

刘文广 ,李琪 ,高凤祥 ,于瑞海 ,孔令峰 . 长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2011, 30(3): 88-93.

LIU Wen-guang,LI Qi,GAO Feng-xiang,YU Rui-hai,KONG Ling-feng. Seasonal variation in reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in relation to
environmental factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2011, 30(3): 88-93.

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长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系

Seasonal variation in reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in relation to
environmental factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

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长牡蛎繁殖周期、生化成分的季节变化与环境因子的关系

Seasonal variation in reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in relation to environmental factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

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Seasonal variation in reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in relation to
environmental factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas