不同海水营养盐现场连续观测系统的比较研究*

doi:10.11978/2020087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海水营养盐自动观测技术是海洋观测技术的核心之一, 也是世界各国海洋观测技术发展的重点。本文概述了海水营养盐自动观测技术在海洋环境监测中的研究进展, 并基于航次的现场实践, 比较了海水营养盐自动观测设备的应用情况, 归纳了不同设备的优缺点。基于紫外光谱法的硝酸盐传感器(in-situ ultraviolet spectroscopy, ISUS)具有不需化学试剂、响应速度快、适合连续长期观测、耐压深度深的优点, 可广泛应用于海水和淡水环境的走航观测、现场剖面观测和浮标定点观测; 其缺点是测定参数少、灵敏度低。基于湿化学法的营养盐剖面自动分析仪(Autonomous Profiling Nutreint Analyzer, APNA)与连续流动在线分析仪(型号为QuAAtro)具有测定精度和准确度高、多营养盐参数同步测定的优点, 可用于浅水剖面和短时间连续观测, 但存在操作复杂、工作时间短、试剂用量大的缺点, 不适合长期时间序列或深水观测; APNA能进行原位观测, QuAAtro基于船载, 需要加载样品采集过滤系统。本研究基于以上实践与经验, 进一步探讨了现有海水营养盐自动观测技术目前所面临的技术瓶颈及未来发展趋势, 旨在为海洋现场自动监测仪器的选用提供参考。

关键词: 营养盐, 自动观测, 海洋环境监测, 应用研究

Abstract:

As an important part of automatic marine observation, autonomous instrument of nutrients in seawater is a focus of marine observation in the world. In this paper, we summarize research progresses of autonomous instruments for marine nutrient monitoring, according to different continuous in-situ observation systems for nutrients, and evaluate these systems. Nitrate sensors based on UV/Vis spectroscopy are widely used in underway-pumping, vertically profiling and buoy observations with the advantage of chemical reagent free, quicker response and longer duration; but these sensors have fewer parameters monitored and are lower in sensitivity. The Autonomous Profiling Nutrient Analyzer (APNA) nutrient profiling analyzers and QuAAtro continuous flow analyzer are based on “wet chemistry”, and are widely used in shallow water profiling and short time series observations, with the advantages of higher analytical precision and accuracy, and multi-nutrient parameters. However, their disadvantages include complicated operation, larger reagent consumption, and short duration; they are not suitable for long-term and deep-water observations. APNA can be used for in-situ observation. QuAAtro is shipboard based and requires additional sampling and filtration system. Technical bottlenecks and future development direction of autonomous instruments for nutrients are then discussed, which will provide a guidance for the selection of automatic observation instruments in marine environmental observation.

Key words: nutrient, automatic in-situ observation, marine environmental monitoring, application research

中图分类号:

P716⁺.5

王丽芳, 黄韬, 杜川军, 郭香会. 不同海水营养盐现场连续观测系统的比较研究^*[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(3): 103-113.

WANG Lifang, HUANG Tao, DU Chuanjun, GUO Xianghui. Comparison of different continuous in-situ observation systems in seawater[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(3): 103-113.

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	ISUS硝酸盐传器	APNA营养盐剖面分析仪	QuAAtro流动分析仪
原理	紫外光谱法	湿化学法(CFA+光度法)	湿化学法(SFA+光度法)
试剂需求	无	需要	需要
测量参数	NO₃^-	NO₃^-、Si(OH)₄、PO₄^3-、NO₂^-	NO₃^-、Si(OH)₄、PO₄^3-、NO₂^-
测量范围/(μmol·L^-1)	0.5~2000	NO₃^-、Si(OH)₄: 0.05~50 PO₄^3-、NO₂^-: 0.02~11	NO₂^-: 0.1~80; Si(OH)₄: 0.16~160; PO₄^3-: 0.08~30; NO₂^-: 0.04~40
测量精度	±2μmol·L^-1 或读数的±10%	2%~5%	2%
耐压深度/m	0~1000	0~200	-
数据采集频率/Hz	1	1	>60
最大持续时间	>1个月	<1个月	<1个月