防城河口湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构研究

doi:10.11978/2018058

热带海洋学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 67-77.doi: 10.11978/2018058CSTR: 32234.14.2018058

防城河口湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构研究

赖廷和^1,²(), 何斌源^1,²(), 黄中坚², 汤乔³, 覃漉雁², 朱婷², 莫珍妮², 刘俐², 钟云旭⁴

1. 钦州学院, 广西钦州 535011
2. 广西壮族自治区海洋研究院, 广西南宁 530022
3. 广西北仑河口国家级自然保护区管理处, 广西防城港 538100
4. 广西红树林研究中心, 广西北海 536000

收稿日期:2018-05-31 修回日期:2018-08-29 出版日期:2019-03-20 发布日期:2019-04-15
作者简介:
作者简介：赖廷和(1970—), 女, 广西壮族自治区合浦县人, 副研究员, 主要从事海洋生态和海洋环境研究。E-mail: laitinghe@163.com
基金资助:
国家海洋局专项(YLFCJ20164006-F);广西海洋局研究专项(GXHYJ100);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0506100)

Study on the macrozoobenthic community structure in intertidal zone of Fangchenghe Estuary of Guangxi, China

Tinghe LAI^1,²(), Binyuan HE^1,²(), Zhongjian HUANG², Qiao TANG³, Luyan QIN², Ting ZHU², Zhenni MO², Li LIU², Yunxu ZHONG⁴

1. Qinzhou University, Qinzhou 535011, China
2. Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Nanning 530022, China
3. Guangxi Beilun Estuary National Reserve, Fangchenggang 538100, China
4. Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Beihai 536000, China

Received:2018-05-31 Revised:2018-08-29 Online:2019-03-20 Published:2019-04-15
Supported by:
Science and Technology Project of State Oceanic Administration (YLFCJ20164006-F);Science and Technology Project of Guangxi Oceanic Administration (GXHYJ100);National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0506100)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章根据2016年5月、8月、11月和2017年2月的调查数据, 研究自然和人为因素对广西防城河口湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构的影响。结果表明: 4个季度共采集到潮间带大型底栖动物10门252种, 以软体动物门、节肢动物门和环节动物门为主。调查区域的优势种包括珠带拟蟹守螺Cerithidea cingulata、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum、长腕和尚蟹Mictyris longicarpus、纵带滩栖螺Batillaria zonalis、青蛤Cyclina sinensis、南海鸭嘴蛤Laternula nanhaiensis、文蛤Meretrix meretrix和红树蚬Gelolna coaxans等8种, 年均密度和生物量分别为203个?m^-2和276.58g?m^-2, 其中软体动物占69.58%和83.73%。盐度和底质类型因素是影响群落密度、生物量和群落指数的主要环境因子, 季节和潮带因素影响较小。其中盐度对密度和生物量的影响大于底质类型, 但底质类型对种类多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和物种丰度等群落指数的影响大于盐度。聚类分析和多维尺度分析可以将群落划分为3个类型, 基本对应于盐度和底质类型影响。从多样性水平判断防城河口湾潮间带总体上处于中度扰动之中, 盐度、底质类型和人为干扰等因素综合影响了该湾潮间带动物群落的空间分布格局。

关键词: 防城河口湾, 潮间带大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 环境扰动

Abstract:

Based on the survey in May, August and November 2016 and February 2017, the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on macrozoobenthic community structure in the intertidal zone of Fangchenghe Estuary of Guangxi, China were studied. A total of 252 species belonging to 10 phyla of intertidal macrozoobenthos were collected, among which Mollusca, Arthropoda and Annelida were richer in species abundance. Cerithidea cingulata, Ruditapes philippinarum, Mictyris longicarpus, Batillaria zonalis, Cyclina sinensis, Laternula nanhaiensis, Meretrix meretrix, and Gelolna coaxans were ranked as the top eight dominant species in this study area through the whole year. The annual average density and biomass of the study area were 203 ind?m^-2 and 276.58 g?m^-2, respectively, in which Mollusca occupied 69.58% and 83.73% to the total, respectively. ANOVA showed that salinity and sediment type factors had significant influences (p<0.05 and less) on macrozoobenthos density, biomass, species diversity H′, Richness d, Evenness J, and quadrat-based species abundance, while season and tidal zone factors had very small influences (p>0.05) on them. Salinity had larger influences on density and biomass than sediment type did, while sediment type had larger influences on species diversity H′, Richness d, Evenness J, and quadrat-based species abundance than salinity did. Both clustering analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis obtained the same results that the 21 sampling stations could be divided into three groups, basically owing to the effects from salinity and sediment type. The status of diversity index H′ showed that in general the intertidal macrozoobenthic communities were under middle-level fluctuation. Comprehensively, three factors, i.e., salinity, sediment type and anthropogenic fluctuation, played combined roles on the spatial distribution pattern of macrozoobenthic communities in the intertidal zone of Fangchenghe Estuary.

Key words: Fangchenghe Estuary, intertidal macrozoobenthos, community structure, environmental fluctuation

中图分类号:

P735.542

赖廷和, 何斌源, 黄中坚, 汤乔, 覃漉雁, 朱婷, 莫珍妮, 刘俐, 钟云旭. 防城河口湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2019, 38(2): 67-77.

Tinghe LAI, Binyuan HE, Zhongjian HUANG, Qiao TANG, Luyan QIN, Ting ZHU, Zhenni MO, Li LIU, Yunxu ZHONG. Study on the macrozoobenthic community structure in intertidal zone of Fangchenghe Estuary of Guangxi, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2019, 38(2): 67-77.

图/表 5

图1

表1

表2

防城河口湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落密度、生物量及优势种群相对重要值"

断面	潮带	年均密度/(个?m^-2)	年均生物量/(g?m^-2)	优势种群及其相对优势度/%
S1	高潮带	244	252.59	CEC 68.88, GEC 14.73, GLA 3.64, GLC 3.60, SER 2.08
	中潮带	297	92.97	MIL 70.09, CEC 15.42, SER 6.59, BAL 4.80
	低潮带	115	193.25	PHS 57.5, CEC 15.2, LAT 5.5, LAN 4.4, CYS 3.7
	全断面	219	179.60	CEC 54.86, MIL 17.15, GEC 7.72, SER 4.59, PHS 3.60
S2	高潮带	151	401.79	CEC 61.29, GEC 32.30, CEM 3.86, ONV 1.17
	中潮带	138	226.24	CEC 66.30, MIL 11.95, LAT 11.24, UCV 4.53, GEC 4.21
	低潮带	264	295.18	CEC 78.52, LAT 8.72, SER 3.01, UCV 2.16, BAL 2.09
	全断面	184	307.74	CEC 77.95, GEC 10.29, LAT 5.14, MIL 1.68, UCV 1.49
S3	高潮带	68	201.29	CYS 64.98, ANL 15.68, MSJ 8.30, CEC 8.22
	中潮带	50	146.06	ANL 43.16, TEG 24.02, PHS 13.57, TRS 9.09, PEV 6.01
	低潮带	47	119.54	PHS 61.17, ANL 22.67, MSJ 8.54, PLD 2.40, MOP 1.26
	全断面	55	155.63	ANL 39.14, PHS 22.77, CYS 19.73, MSJ 7.22, TEG 2.84
S4	高潮带	66	60.33	MIL 85.66, DOW 12.35, MEM 1.74
	中潮带	44	63.34	MIL 90.34, DOW 3.88, CYS 2.94, LAT 2.17
	低潮带	138	108.82	CEC 37.09, RUP 33.58, MEM 16.38, LAN 4.72, MIL 4.27
	全断面	83	77.50	MIL 69.42, DOW 8.11, CEC 7.02, MEM 6.97, RUP 6.36
S5	高潮带	256	577.28	CYS 65.01, CEC 24.26, BAZ 3.79, MEM 3.11, UCV 1.30
	中潮带	229	380.61	BAZ 37.11, CEC 34.30, BAC 9.95, CYS 7.41, SIN 7.29
	低潮带	560	1080.09	RUP 91.78, LAN 7.04
	全断面	348	679.33	RUP 75.80, CYS 5.98, LAN 5.90, CEC 4.96, BAZ 2.80
S6	高潮带	522	334.98	CEC 75.82, BAZ 19.73, MIL 3.16
	中潮带	325	380.64	MOR 38.73, BAZ 23.90, CEC 15.17, MIL 12.23, MEM 6.36
	低潮带	242	277.66	CEC 76.28, BAZ 21.56
	全断面	363	331.09	CEC 66.17, BAZ 24.65, MIL 3.73, MOR 3.26
S7	高潮带	178	181.39	CYC 60.96, MAV 24.72, MIL 8.27, MAA 5.86
	中潮带	85	87.39	CYC 41.93, MAA 41.29, CRP 8.81, DOW 5.91, MAV 1.05
	低潮带	252	346.68	CRP 32.88, CHS 22.92, MEM 22.80, MOR 8.16, PAV 7.86
	全断面	172	205.15	CYC 41.95, MAV 17.81, CRP 11.14, MAA 9.76, CHS 4.70

表2

图2

图3

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断面	渗出水盐度/‰	上覆水盐度/‰	渗出水pH	上覆水pH	生境特点
S1	17.6~27.2	3.9~27.0	7.1~7.4	7.2~8.1	高、中潮带为桐花树林, 低潮带为沙泥质裸滩
S2	21.0~27.8	6.5~28.1	7.1~7.4	7.3~8.2	高潮带为秋茄林, 中潮带为白骨壤林, 低潮带为沙泥质裸滩
S3	23.4~28.8	11.5~29.3	7.2~7.6	7.4~8.2	3个潮带均为淤泥质裸滩
S4	22.0~28.3	10.6~29.0	7.2~7.6	7.5~8.2	高、中潮带为人工沙质裸滩, 低潮带为沙泥质裸滩
S5	27.0~31.0	17.6~30.2	7.4~7.7	7.5~8.3	3个潮带均为沙泥质的滩涂贝类养殖场
S6	27.4~32.0	19.3~30.8	7.3~7.8	7.8~8.5	高潮带为白骨壤林, 中、低潮带为沙泥质的滩涂贝类养殖场
S7	28.0~33.0	27.0~31.8	7.6~7.9	7.8~8.6	3个潮带均为天然沙质裸滩

防城河口湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构研究

Study on the macrozoobenthic community structure in intertidal zone of Fangchenghe Estuary of Guangxi, China

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