南海西北部夏冬季浮游介形类的分布及其影响因素

doi:10.11978/2019050

热带海洋学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 77-87.doi: 10.11978/2019050CSTR: 32234.14.2019050

所属专题：南海专题

南海西北部夏冬季浮游介形类的分布及其影响因素

廖彤晨^1,²(), 尹健强¹, 李开枝^1,³(), 谭烨辉^1,^2,³

^1. 中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
^2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
^3. 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广东广州 510301

收稿日期:2019-05-20 修回日期:2019-07-13 出版日期:2020-03-10 发布日期:2020-03-10
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41576125);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY201404);广东省科技计划项目(2018B030320005)

Distribution of planktonic ostracods and its influencing factors during summer and winter in the northwestern coastal waters of South China Sea

Tongchen LIAO^1,²(), Jianqiang YIN¹, Kaizhi LI^1,³(), Yehui TAN^1,^2,³

^1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
^2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

Received:2019-05-20 Revised:2019-07-13 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-03-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41576125);Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2017FY201404);Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province of China(2018B030320005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海洋浮游介形类(Ostracods)是一类分布较广的小型甲壳动物, 在海洋碳循环中起重要作用。目前国内海洋浮游动物采样常使用505μm网目孔径的浮游生物网, 从而导致个体较小的介形类被忽略。文章根据2006年7—8月(夏季)和2006年12月—2007年1月(冬季)在南海西北部海域分别使用网目孔径为505μm和160μm浮游生物网采集的样品, 比较不同网目所获浮游介形类种类和丰度的差异, 分析介形类种类和丰度的分布特征, 探讨环境因素对其时空分布的影响。160μm网目采集的浮游介形类种类和丰度均高于505μm。基于160μm网目数据分析浮游介形类群落结构: 1) 鉴定浮游介形类32种, 其种数由近岸向外海递增, 等深线100m以浅海域的种数显著高于100m以深海域(p<0.01); 2) 夏季浮游介形类的丰度高于冬季, 夏季丰度高值区主要出现在雷州半岛东部和琼东近岸, 显著高于外海(p<0.05), 冬季介形类丰度分布较为均匀; 3) 优势种针刺真浮萤(Euconchoecia aculeata)是近岸高丰度的主要贡献种; 4) 介形类种数与温度和水深呈显著正相关, 丰度与叶绿素a浓度呈正相关, 而与温度和盐度呈负相关。夏季琼东沿岸上升流和粤西沿岸流有助于浮游介形类在雷州半岛和海南岛东部近岸海域形成较高的丰度, 最高达1252个·m^-3。同时, 建议今后研究浮游介形类采用网目孔径小的浮游生物网进行采集以便全面评估其群落结构特征。

关键词: 浮游介形类, 群落结构, 网目孔径, 南海西北部

Abstract:

Marine planktonic ostracods are small crustaceans with a wide distribution, playing an important role in ocean carbon cycle. The ostracods in smaller size are usually underestimated when marine zooplankton samples were collected with 505 μm mesh. Based on the zooplankton samples collected with 505 and 160 μm meshes in the northern South China Sea from July to August 2006 (summer) and from December 2006 to January 2007 (winter), the capture efficiency for the ostracods using two planktonic mesh sizes was compared, and the community structure and the influence of environmental factors on their distributions were analyzed. We found that the abundance of ostracods obtained by the 160 μm mesh net was six times that by the 505 μm net in summer. The community structure of planktonic ostracods collected by the 160 μm mesh was analyzed with the following findings. 1) The species richness of planktonic ostracods of a total of 32 species was identified to increase from nearshore to offshore, and the difference between the areas with water depth shallower and deeper than 100 m was extremely significant (p<0.01). 2) The abundance of planktonic ostracods was higher in summer, when the high abundance area appeared mainly in the coastal waters of the Leizhou Peninsula and northeast Hainan Island higher than that in offshore significantly (p<0.05), and lower in winter, when the distribution of ostracods abundance was homogeneous. 3) Euconchoecia aculeata, dominant species, contributed the most to high abundance in the nearshore. 4) The species richness of ostracods was positively correlated with temperature and water depth; and the abundance was negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, and positively correlated with chlorophyll α concentration. Qiongdong coastal upwelling and Yuexi Coastal Current boosted the abundance of planktonic ostracods up to 1252 ind·m ^-3 in the coastal waters of the Leizhou Peninsula and northeast Hainan Island. Results suggest that smaller mesh net should be used for the overall assessment of community characteristics of planktonic ostracods.

Key words: planktonic ostracods, community structure, mesh size, northwest of the South China Sea

中图分类号:

P735.532

廖彤晨, 尹健强, 李开枝, 谭烨辉. 南海西北部夏冬季浮游介形类的分布及其影响因素[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2020, 39(2): 77-87.

Tongchen LIAO, Jianqiang YIN, Kaizhi LI, Yehui TAN. Distribution of planktonic ostracods and its influencing factors during summer and winter in the northwestern coastal waters of South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020, 39(2): 77-87.

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	夏季		冬季
	160μm	505μm	160μm	505μm
种数	29	28	31	23
平均丰度/(个·m^-3)	59.97±181.82	7.14±10.12	9.89±12.80	1.97±2.46
针刺真浮萤	49.58±179.88 (0.59)	2.31±7.72 (0.09)	6.95±12.54 (0.58)	0.77±1.90 (0.18)
后圆真浮萤	3.48±6.70 (0.03)	1.73±3.33 (0.14)	1.28±3.08 (0.07)	0.62±1.30 (0.17)
同心假浮萤	2.67±5.57 (0.03)	1.23±2.03 (0.14)	-	0.09±0.27 (0.01)
尖突海萤	-	0.89±4.09 (0.03)	-	-
齿形海萤	-	-	-	0.15±0.60 (0.01)

	夏季		冬季
	PC1	PC2	PC1	PC2
贡献率	0.36	0.25	0.54	0.22
累计贡献率	0.36	0.61	0.54	0.76
温度	0.53	-0.27	0.51	-0.13
盐度	0.23	0.16	0.49	-0.02
叶绿素a浓度	-0.53	0.02	-0.48	0.13
经度	0.10	-0.77	-0.05	-0.85
纬度	-0.46	-0.53	-0.47	-0.36
水深	0.40	-0.12	0.21	-0.35

		温度	盐度	水深	叶绿素a
夏季	丰度	-0.33^**	-0.37^**	-0.12	0.39^**
	种数	0.69^**	0.11	0.48^**	-0.41^**
	H'	0.66^**	0.17	0.48^**	-0.41^**
	J	0.37^**	0.23^*	0.27^*	-0.25^*
	针刺真浮萤丰度	-0.32^**	-0.40^**	-0.12	0.25^*
	后圆真浮萤丰度	-0.26^*	0.05	-0.15	0.18
	同心假浮萤丰度	-0.34^**	-0.31^**	-0.16	0.45^**
	其他种类丰度	0.26^*	-0.02	0.06	-0.23^*
冬季	丰度	-0.46^**	-0.32^**	-0.05	0.36^**
	种数	0.47^**	0.16	0.70^**	-0.31^**
	H'	0.51^**	0.23^*	0.60^**	-0.33^**
	J	0.38^**	0.27^*	0.25^*	-0.27^*
	针刺真浮萤丰度	-0.60^**	-0.44^**	-0.15	0.50^**
	后圆真浮萤丰度	0.17	0.19	-0.05	-0.18
	同心假浮萤丰度	0.25^*	0.09	0.03	-0.17
	其他种类丰度	0.14	-0.02	0.41^**	-0.05

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南海西北部夏冬季浮游介形类的分布及其影响因素

Distribution of planktonic ostracods and its influencing factors during summer and winter in the northwestern coastal waters of South China Sea

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