人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征

doi:10.11978/2023107

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 98-111.doi: 10.11978/2023107CSTR: 32234.14.2023107

人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征

柳原¹^,²(), 柯志新¹^,³, 李开枝¹(), 谭烨辉¹^,², 梁竣策¹^,², 周伟华¹

1.中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.粤东上升流区海洋生态系统综合观测研究站, 广东汕头 515041

收稿日期:2023-07-30 修回日期:2023-09-02 出版日期:2024-07-10 发布日期:2024-07-22
作者简介:
柳原(1997—), 男, 河南省郑州市人, 博士研究生, 主要从事海洋浮游动物生态学研究。email: liuyuan22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050023); 广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060047); 国家自然科学基金项目(32171548); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515010656)

Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents

LIU Yuan¹^,²(), KE Zhixin¹^,³, LI Kaizhi¹(), TAN Yehui¹^,², LIANG Junce¹^,², ZHOU Weihua¹

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem, Shantou 515041, China

Received:2023-07-30 Revised:2023-09-02 Online:2024-07-10 Published:2024-07-22
Supported by:
Special Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2021B1212050023); Special Fund for Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2023B1212060047); National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171548); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010656)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粤东附近海域具有丰富的渔业资源和复杂的水文环境。在气候变化背景下, 为系统提升该海域海洋观测水平和生态动力过程的认知, 于2022年5月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2023年1月(冬季)开展了四个季节的水文动力、生物、化学等生态环境要素的综合考察。基于镜检浮游动物的鉴定结果, 分析该海域浮游动物群落特征, 探讨其时空分布的影响因素。根据环境因子聚类, 调查海域可分为近岸(主要受人类活动影响)和远岸(主要为海流影响)区域, 不同季节和区域浮游动物群落结构存在显著差异。春、夏季浮游动物动物种类、生物量和丰度均高于秋、冬季; 远岸区浮游动物种数、生物量和丰度显著高于近岸, 并且浮游动物群落结构的季节差异在远岸区更加明显。桡足类和毛颚类为调查海域的主要浮游动物类群。浮游幼虫和鱼卵的丰度在春季显著高于其他季节, 并且峰值集中在南澳岛西南韩江口附近海域, 说明该区域为粤东重要的产卵场。受粤东沿岸上升流影响, 夏季桡足类的种类和丰度增加; 而冬季, 浮游动物主要由闽浙沿岸流所携带的暖温带种所组成, 中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)在S8站位高达1000 ind.·m^-3。另外, 近岸养殖区内的浮游动物出现种类少、生物量和丰度较低, 个别调查站网采样品基本无浮游动物检出。在人类活动和气候变化的双重影响下, 粤东近海浮游动物需要进行长期系统监测分析其对海洋环境变化的响应。

关键词: 浮游动物, 群落结构, 沿岸上升流, 闽浙沿岸流, 南海北部

Abstract:

There are rich fishery resources and complicated hydrologic environment in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong. In order to systematically improve the level of oceanic observation and the knowledge of ecological dynamic processes in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the changing climate, a comprehensive investigation of ecological and environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, biology and chemistry during four seasons was carried out in May (spring), July (summer), October (autumn) 2022 and January 2023 (winter). Based on the taxonomic identification of zooplankton, the characteristics of community structure of zooplankton in the surveyed area were analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors on their spatial and temporal distribution were discussed. According to the environmental parameters, the survey area can be divided into the near-shore (mainly affected by human activities) and off-shore (mainly affected by ocean currents) areas, and the zooplankton were characterized by the seasonal and regional pattern. Seasonally, the species, biomass and abundance of zooplankton in spring and summer were higher than those in autumn and winter. Regionally, the species, biomass and abundance of zooplankton in the off-shore waters are generally higher than those in the near-shore waters. Moreover, there are differences in the contribution groups and dominant species to the total zooplankton abundance in different seasons in the off-shore waters. Although copepods and chaetognaths were the main groups of zooplankton, the abundance of planktonic larvae and fish eggs in spring was higher than in other seasons, and the peak value is concentrated in the southwestern Hanjiang Estuary, indicating that this surveyed area was still an important spawning ground in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong. The increase in copepods species and abundance in summer is related to the high chlorophyll a concentration improved by coastal upwelling in eastern Guangdong. Warm-temperate species carried by Fujian and Zhejiang coastal currents in winter are the main contributors to zooplankton abundance. Although chlorophyll a concentrations are higher in the near-shore waters, zooplankton species, biomass and abundance are lower. Under the effect of anthropogenic activities and climate change, long-term systematic monitoring and analysis of the response of zooplankton to the dynamics of the marine environment are needed in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong.

Key words: zooplankton, community structure, coastal upwelling, coastal current, northern South China Sea

柳原, 柯志新, 李开枝, 谭烨辉, 梁竣策, 周伟华. 人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(4): 98-111.

LIU Yuan, KE Zhixin, LI Kaizhi, TAN Yehui, LIANG Junce, ZHOU Weihua. Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(4): 98-111.

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类群	春季种类	夏季种类	秋季种类	冬季种类	合计	百分比/%
水螅水母类 Hydrozoa	8	9	4	3	10	11.49
管水母类 Siphonophorae	3	3	2	1	3	3.45
栉水母类 Ctenophores	1	1	1	0	1	1.15
浮游多毛类 Polychaeta	1	1	0	0	1	1.15
浮游软体类 Mollusca	2	2	0	0	2	2.30
枝角类 Cladocera	1	1	0	0	1	1.15
介形类 Ostracoda	3	3	1	1	3	3.45
端足类 Amphipods	1	1	1	1	2	2.30
桡足类Copepoda	20	23	12	14	32	36.78
糠虾类 Mysids	1	1	0	0	1	1.15
磷虾类 Euphausiids	0	0	1	1	2	2.30
十足类 Decapoda	1	2	1	1	2	2.30
毛颚类 Chaetognatha	7	7	5	3	8	9.20
浮游被囊类 Tunicates	4	4	0	3	5	5.75
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	14	14	8	4	14	16.09
合计 Total	67	72	36	32	87	100

类群	春季丰度	夏季丰度	秋季丰度	冬季丰度
水母类 Hydrozoa	3.04±4.14	5.22±9.70	1.11±1.68	0.93±2.07
桡足类 Copepods	9.12±12.44	36.78±12.44	12.72±14.26	34.20±40.23
毛颚类 Chaetognaths	28.37±31.29	17.78±25.23	8.37±9.40	1.96±3.22
浮游被囊类 Pelagic tunicates	8.94±18.39	3.51±6.19	0	2.00±5.29
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae	41.61±55.11	6.54±12.97	4.86±5.35	5.24±10.41
其他类群Others	6.70±11.59	7.73±10.63	3.53±4.81	0.71±0.84

类群	优势种	春季丰度	夏季丰度	秋季丰度	冬季丰度
介形类	尖尾海萤Cypridina acuminata	-	-	2.80±5.12	-
桡足类	太平洋纺锤水蚤Acartia pacifica	-	-	-	2.68±7.51
	刺尾纺锤水蚤Acartia spinicauda	-	2.59±4.81	-	-
	厦门矮隆哲水蚤Bestiola amoyensis	-	-	-	3.27 ±8.84
	中华哲水蚤Calanus sinicus	-	-	-	18.20±24.38
	微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper	-	3.68±6.20	-	-
	精致真刺水蚤Euchaeta concinna	-	-	2.22±3.17	3.34±6.76
	亚强次真哲水蚤Subeucalanus subcrassus	-	15.20±24.97	7.97±12.00	2.49±2.59
	锥形宽水蚤Temora turbinata	-	5.60±8.58	-	-
	瘦歪水蚤Tortanus gracilis	-	4.65±8.08	-	-
十足类	亨生莹虾Lucifer hanseni	-	4.67±7.85	-	-
毛颚类	肥胖箭虫Sagitta enflata	25.07±33.60	15.57±21.55	1.99±3.14	-
毛颚类	拿卡箭虫Sagitta nagae	-	-	5.09±9.22	1.32±1.75
浮游被囊类	小齿海樽Doliolum denticulatum	7.40±16.79	-	-	-
浮游幼虫	短尾类溞状幼虫Brachyura zoea larvae	11.91±17.80	-	1.64±3.05	-
	鱼卵Fish eggs	6.94±11.12	-	-	-
	长尾类幼虫Macrura larvae	14.19±22.29	3.32±7.28	2.15±2.70	4.32±10.08

季节和显著性检验		温度/℃	盐度/‰	叶绿素a浓度/(μg·L^-1)	浮游动物种数	浮游动物生物量 /(mg·m^-3)	浮游动物丰度 /(ind.·m^-3)
近岸	春季	23.55±0.36	28.04±1.69	3.22±2.56	6±2	29.01±21.40	17.64±14.14
	夏季	27.77±1.88	27.55±1.88	7.91±3.32	3±3	10.98±10.80	3.33±3.81
	秋季	25.79±0.34	29.55±1.40	1.81±0.94	5±2	56.45±63.79	18.58±29.80
	冬季	17.11±0.20	27.15±2.61	3.14±1.10	6±1	15.58±15.11	22.84±19.55
远岸	春季	23.22±0.46	31.37±0.71	1.88±1.33	21±4	128.89±94.80	178.51±139.49
	夏季	26.37±1.66	30.95±1.28	6.18±5.67	23±10	340.78±270.80	151.80±88.64
	秋季	25.91±0.16	31.33±1.47	1.07±0.35	16±2	117.97±115.30	42.61±21.70
	冬季	16.88±0.13	30.71±0.39	2.97±0.36	11±4	50.02±61.28	67.24±73.13
t-test		P=0.578	P<0.001	P=0.112	P<0.001	P<0.001	P<0.001

人类活动和沿岸流影响下的粤东近海浮游动物群落特征

Zooplankton community in the coastal waters of eastern Guangdong under the influence of human activities and ocean currents

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