近60年来极端天气影响下南流江入海水沙变化

doi:10.11978/2022176

热带海洋学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 91-103.doi: 10.11978/2022176CSTR: 32234.14.2022176

所属专题：全球变化专题

近60年来极端天气影响下南流江入海水沙变化

杨夏玲¹(), 黎树式²(), 许珊珊¹, 虞崇熙³, 潘洁³

1.南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院, 广西南宁 530100
2.广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室(北部湾大学), 广西钦州 535011
3.北部湾大学资源与环境学院, 广西钦州 535011

收稿日期:2022-08-13 修回日期:2022-10-19 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2022-10-14
作者简介:
杨夏玲(1998—), 女, 广西钦州人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为流域-河口陆海相互作用。email: y18877762190@163.com
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金重点基金(2018JJD150005); 国家自然科学基金(41866001); 北部湾大学海洋科学广西一流学科(DRB006); 北部湾大学海洋科学广西一流学科(DTC003); 北部湾大学大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(202011607021); 北部湾大学大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(S202111607128)

Variations in water and sediments of the Nanliu River flowing into the sea under the influence of extreme weather in the past 60 years

YANG Xialing¹(), LI Shushi²(), XU Shanshan¹, YU Chongxi³, PAN Jie³

1. School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530100, China
2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Change and Disaster in Beibu Gulf (Beibu Gulf University), Qinzhou 535011, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China

Received:2022-08-13 Revised:2022-10-19 Online:2023-07-10 Published:2022-10-14
Supported by:
Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Key Fund(2018JJD150005); National Natural Science Foundation of China(41866001); Guangxi First-class Discipline of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University(DRB006); Guangxi First-class Discipline of Marine Science, Beibu Gulf University(DTC003); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates of Beibu Gulf University(202011607021); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates of Beibu Gulf University(S202111607128)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河流入海水沙变化是河口三角洲演变研究的重要内容。在全球气候变暖引起的极端天气频率和强度增加的背景下, 研究极端天气影响下的河流入海水沙通量变化对于理解河口三角洲海岸环境演变具有重要的科学意义。本文以山溪型中小入海河流——南流江为例, 基于1966—2020年的水沙、洪水实测数据, 采用变差系数和数理统计等方法分析极端天气影响下的南流江入海水沙变化规律。研究结果表明: 1) 热带气旋过境期间多年日平均流量为7.72×10²m³·s^-1, 是正常天气下(1.63×10²m³·s^-1)的4.73倍; 热带气旋过境日均输沙量的多年平均值为2.55×10⁴t, 是正常天气下(0.19×10⁴t)的13.42倍。热带气旋期间, 入海水沙量大, 具有“丰水多沙”的特点。2) 洪水期间的多年日平均流量和输沙量分别为8.53×10²m³·s^-1和3.07×10⁴t, 分别是正常天气下日平均流量(1.56×10²m³·s^-1)和输沙量(0.17×10⁴t)的5.46倍和18.18倍。洪水期间, 来沙量越大, 入海泥沙通量越大, 呈现“多来多输送”的典型特征。3) 极端天气对南流江入海水沙通量具有重要的贡献作用, 热带气旋对径流量和输沙量的多年平均贡献率分别为6.78%和19.31%, 而洪水对径流量和输沙量的多年平均贡献率分别为14.33%和36.21%。

关键词: 热带气旋, 洪水, 水沙变化, 贡献率

Abstract:

The change of river inflow sediment is an important content in the study of estuarine delta evolution. Against the backdrop of increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather caused by global warming, it is of great practical significance to study the variability of sediment fluxes in rivers entering the sea under the influence of extreme weather for understanding the environmental evolution of estuarine deltas. This paper takes the Nanliu River, a small and medium-sized river flowing into the sea, as an example. Based on the measured data of water, sediment and floods from 1966 to 2020, the variation coefficient of variation and mathematical statistics are used to analyze the variation law of water and sediment under the influence of extreme weather. The research results show that: 1) the multi-year average daily flow during the transit of tropical cyclones is 7.72×10² m³·s^-1, which is 4.73 times that of normal weather of 1.63×10² m³·s^-1. The multi-year average of the average daily sediment transport of tropical cyclones was 2.55×10⁴ t, which is 13.42 times that of 0.19×10⁴ t in normal weather. During the tropical cyclone, the amount of sediment entering the sea is large, and it has the characteristics of "rich water and sand"; 2) the multi-year average daily flow and sediment load during the flood period were 8.53×10² m³·s^-1 and 3.07×10⁴ t, respectively, which were the average daily flow (1.56×10² m³·s^-1) and sediment load (0.17×10⁴ t) 5.46 times and 18.18 times. During floods, the greater the amount of incoming sediment, the greater the flux of sediment into the sea, showing the typical feature of “more incoming and more transportation”; 3) extreme weather has an important contribution to the sediment flux of the Nanliu River into the sea. The multi-year average contribution rates of tropical cyclones to runoff and sediment transport were 6.78%and 19.31%, respectively, while the multi-year average contribution rates of floods to runoff and sediment transport were 14.33%and 36.21%, respectively.

Key words: tropical cyclones, flood, changes in water and sediment, contribution rate

杨夏玲, 黎树式, 许珊珊, 虞崇熙, 潘洁. 近60年来极端天气影响下南流江入海水沙变化[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2023, 42(4): 91-103.

YANG Xialing, LI Shushi, XU Shanshan, YU Chongxi, PAN Jie. Variations in water and sediments of the Nanliu River flowing into the sea under the influence of extreme weather in the past 60 years[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(4): 91-103.

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极端天气类型	年份
热带气旋年	1966、1976、1978、1980、1982、1984、2001、2002、2003、2006、2008、2010、
热带气旋年	2011、2012、2013、2014、2015、2016、2017、2018、2019、2020
洪水年	1966、1967、1969、1970、1971、1976、1979、1981、1985、1994、1995、1997、
洪水年	2002、2006、2012、2013、2015、2017、2018、2019、2020

年份	编号	名称	热带气旋等级	中心最大风力/级	中心附近最大风速/(m·s^-1)
1966	6608	婀拉	强热带风暴	11	30
1976	7619	艾瑞丝	强热带风暴	10	25
1978	7813	艾琳	强热带风暴	10	25
1978	7820	罗拉	强热带风暴	10	25
1980	8008	乔伊	强热带风暴	11	30
1982	8219	欧文	台风	13	40
1984	8402	魏恩	强热带风暴	11	30
1984	8411	艾克	强热带风暴	11	30
2001	0103	榴莲	强热带风暴	10	28
2002	0214	黄蜂	热带风暴	9	23
2003	0308	伊布都	强热带风暴	11	30
2006	0606	派比安	热带风暴	8	20
2008	0809	北冕	热带风暴	8	20
2008	0814	黑格比	强热带风暴	11	30
2010	1003	灿都	强热带风暴	10	25
2011	1117	纳沙	台风	12	33
2012	1223	山神	热带低压	7	15
2013	1311	尤特	强台风	14	42
2013	1330	海燕	台风	12	33
2014	1409	威马逊	强台风	15	50
2015	1522	彩虹	台风	12	33
2016	1621	莎莉嘉	强热带风暴	10	25
2017	1713	天鸽	强热带风暴	10	25
2018	1822	山竹	台风	12	33
2019	1907	韦帕	热带风暴	9	23
2019	1911	白鹿	热带低压	7	14
2020	2002	鹦鹉	热带低压	7	16
2020	2007	海高斯	热带风暴	8	20

近60年来极端天气影响下南流江入海水沙变化

Variations in water and sediments of the Nanliu River flowing into the sea under the influence of extreme weather in the past 60 years

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