南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件气候特征及其年际变率

doi:10.11978/2021021

热带海洋学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 94-105.doi: 10.11978/2021021CSTR: 32234.14.2021021

南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件气候特征及其年际变率

汪浩^1,²(), 王静¹(), 郑佳喻²

1. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院, 广东广州 510275
2. 热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所), 广东广州 510301

收稿日期:2021-02-20 修回日期:2021-05-04 出版日期:2022-01-10 发布日期:2021-05-10
通讯作者: 王静
作者简介:汪浩(1993—), 男, 安徽省桐城市人, 硕士研究生, 从事海洋遥感应用研究。email: wangh576@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0606701);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731173);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0306);国家海洋局“全球变化与海气相互作用”专项(GASI-IPOVAI-03);中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目(ISEE2021ZD01)

Climatic characteristics and interannual variability of tropical cyclone rapid intensification in the South Indian Ocean

WANG Hao^1,²(), WANG Jing¹(), ZHENG Jiayu²

1. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China

Received:2021-02-20 Revised:2021-05-04 Online:2022-01-10 Published:2021-05-10
Contact: WANG Jing
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0606701);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41731173);Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0306);National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under grant(GASI-IPOVAI-03);Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISEE2021ZD01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用美国联合台风预警中心的热带气旋最佳路径数据集、美国国家海洋和大气管理局的扩展重构海表温度数据、全球海洋数据同化系统的温度、盐度数据及美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心的再分析资料, 分析了1981—2019年南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件的气候特征和年际变率。结果表明, 南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件产生频率呈现单峰分布, 主要产生在每年的12月至次年4月。南印度洋热带气旋增强事件的产生位置呈带状分布, 其中3个高值中心分别位于马达加斯加岛东北海域、南印度洋中部海域和澳大利亚西北海域, 这主要是由于热带气旋热潜和垂直风切变两个大尺度环境变量决定的。年际变率方面, 厄尔尼诺-南方涛动对南印度洋热带气旋增强事件产生频率的调制作用是不对称的, 厄尔尼诺年与拉尼娜年南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件均减少, 但使其减少的物理机制不同。厄尔尼诺年, 热带气旋快速增强事件减少主要是较高的垂直风切变造成的; 拉尼娜年, 热带气旋快速增强事件减少主要是由于热带气旋热潜的降低, 而海表温度、垂直风切变和相对湿度也存在一定贡献。

关键词: 热带气旋, 快速增强事件, 海表温度, 南印度洋, 年际变率

Abstract:

Using tropical cyclone (TC) data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the temperature and salinity data from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System, and the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research, we investigated climatic characteristics and interannual variability of TC rapid intensification (RI) in the South Indian Ocean (SIO) during the period of 1981~2019. The occurrence frequency of RI events in the SIO presents a single peak distribution, which ranges from October to June of the next year. The occurrence of SIO RI events is distributed in the subtropical area in a belt shape, with three high-value centers of RI events located in the northeast of Madagascar, the middle of the SIO and the northwest of Australia. The spatial distribution of SIO RI events is mainly modulated by two large-scale environmental variables: tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and vertical wind shear (VWS). We also found that the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the occurrence frequency of SIO RI events is asymmetric: the occurrence frequencies of RI events during El Niño and La Niña years are both reduced. During El Niño years, the decrease of RI events is mainly due to higher VWS. During La Niña years, the decrease of RI events is mainly due to lower TCHP, and SST; VWS and RHUM also contribute to the decrease of RI events.

Key words: tropical cyclone, rapid intensification, sea-surface temperature, South Indian Ocean, interannual variability

中图分类号:

P732.33

汪浩, 王静, 郑佳喻. 南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件气候特征及其年际变率[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2022, 41(1): 94-105.

WANG Hao, WANG Jing, ZHENG Jiayu. Climatic characteristics and interannual variability of tropical cyclone rapid intensification in the South Indian Ocean[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022, 41(1): 94-105.

图/表 10

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厄尔尼诺事件				拉尼娜事件
弱	中等	强	超强	弱	中等	强
2004—2005	1986—1987	1987—1988	1982—1983	1983—1984	1995—1996	1988—1989
2006—2007	1994—1995	1991—1992	1997—1998	1984—1985	2011—2012	1998—1999
2014—2015	2002—2003		2015—2016	2000—2001		1999—2000
	2009—2010			2005—2006		2007—2008
				2008—2009		2010—2011

南印度洋热带气旋快速增强事件气候特征及其年际变率

Climatic characteristics and interannual variability of tropical cyclone rapid intensification in the South Indian Ocean

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