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热带海洋学报

• • 上一篇    

海南岛海草床生态系统受威胁状况评估

任静1, 2, 江志坚1*, 2, 3, 4, 陈国科2, 5, 亓文倩1, 2, 龙旭1, 2, 刘松林1, 2, 3, 4, 吴云超1, 2, 3, 4, 黄小平1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. 1.    中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室, 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室, 广东 广州 510301;

    2.    中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

    3.    海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南 三亚 572000;

    4.    海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室, 三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院, 海南 三亚 572000;

    5.    中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 修回日期:2025-08-28 接受日期:2025-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 江志坚
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301402), 海南省自然科学基金资助(425CXTD622), 国家自然科学基金项目(42176158, 41976144, 41735029, 1901221), 广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212050003, 2023B1212060047), 中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目资助(SCSIO2023QY04)

Assessment of the threatened status of the seagrass bed ecosystem in Hainan Island

REN Jing1, 2, JIANG Zhijian1, 2, 3, 4, CHEN Guoke2, 5, QI Wenqian1, 2, LONG Xu1, 2, LIU Songlin1, 2, 3, 4, WU Yunchao1, 2, 3, 4, HUANG Xiaoping1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    3. Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;

    4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572100, China;

    5. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

  • Received:2025-06-27 Revised:2025-08-28 Accepted:2025-09-01
  • Supported by:

    National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1301402), Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (425CXTD622), National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (42176158, 41976144, 41735029, 1901221), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2024B1212050003, 2023B1212060047), Special Fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (SCSIO2023QY04)

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摘要： 海草床生态系统具有重要的生态服务功能，分析其受威胁状况及影响因素，有利于针对性地提出海草床生态系统的保护策略。本研究聚焦于海南岛海草床生态系统，结合调查数据、历史资料和文献，采用IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)生态系统红色名录评估方法对海南岛地区海草床生态系统进行受威胁状况评估，确定其濒危程度，并探讨了人类活动和自然因素对其影响，提出相应的保护对策。研究结果显示，文昌和三亚地区海草床生态系统面临极危(Critically Endangered)的严峻形势，陵水地区海草床生态系统受威胁等级为濒危(Endangered)，琼海地区海草床生态系统目前处于易危(Vulnerable)状态，而澄迈地区和儋州地区海草床生态系统分别处于近危(Near Threatened)和无危(Least Concern)状态。海南岛海草床生态系统面临着多重压力，其中围填海及渔业捕捞活动是导致其受损的主导因素，其次为污水排放和水产养殖带来的环境压力，而热带气旋等气候变化因素亦对其造成一定影响。鉴于此，本研究提出了加强规范渔业活动方式、海草无性繁殖研究、长期监测海草健康状况和开展生态连通性研究等建议，旨在促进海南岛海草床生态系统的可持续发展。

关键词: 海草床, 生态系统红色名录, 受威胁等级, 保护与恢复, 海南岛

Abstract: The seagrass bed ecosystem has important ecological service functions, and the analysis of its threat degree and influencing factors is helpful to propose targeted protection strategies for seagrass bed ecosystem. This study focuses on the seagrass bed ecosystem of Hainan Island, combining survey data, historical data and literature, the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Ecosystems assessment method was adopted to assess the threatened status of the seagrass bed ecosystem in Hainan Island and determine its degree of endangerment. The research determines their threatened status, explores the impacts of human activities and natural factors, and proposes corresponding conservation countermeasures. The results show that the seagrass bed ecosystems in Wenchang and Sanya are facing the Critically Endangered(CR) severe situation, while those in Lingshui are Endangered(EN). The seagrass bed ecosystems in Qionghai are Vulnerable(VU), and those in Chengmai and Danzhou are Near Threatened(NT) and Least Concern (LC) respectively. The seagrass bed ecosystem of Hainan Island is confronted with multiple pressures. Among these, coastal reclamation and fishing activities are the dominant factors leading to its degradation. Secondarily, the environmental pressures imposed by sewage discharge and aquaculture also play significant roles. Additionally, climate change factors such as tropical cyclones also exert a certain degree of influence on it. In view of this, this study proposed to strengthen the regulation of fishing activities, research on the asexual reproduction of seagrass, long-term monitoring of seagrass health and ecological connectivity, in order to promote the sustainable development of the seagrass bed ecosystem in Hainan Island.

Key words: Seagrass bed, Red List of Ecosystems, Threatened status, Protection and recovery, Hainan Island