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热带海洋学报

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北部湾北部海域大型底栖动物 β 多样性空间格局与组分分解

李煜, 王娇, 符清露, 池建宇, 孙德斌, 李宝泉, 陈静, 陈敏, 陈琳琳   

  1. 烟台大学, 生命科学学院, 山东 烟台 264005, 山东 中国
    中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 海岸带生物学与生物资源保护实验室, 山东 烟台 264003, 山东 中国
    江苏海洋大学, 海洋科学与水产学院, 江苏 连云港 222005, 江苏 中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-11-11 接受日期:2025-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 陈琳琳
  • 基金资助:
    科技部基础资源调查专项(2023FY100800); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(42176160)

β-diversity Patterns and its Component of Macrobenthos in the Northern Beibu Gulf

  1. , School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China , China
    , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai 264003, China , China
    , School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China , China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-11-11 Accepted:2025-11-21
  • Supported by:
    Basic Resources Survey Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023FY100800); General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176160)

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摘要： 生物群落 β 多样性作为连接局域（α）多样性和区域（γ）多样性的重要枢纽, 其空间格局及构建机制一直是生态学研究热点, 但在海洋大型底栖动物群落中的研究仍较薄弱。本研究基于2024年8月北部湾北部海域大型底栖动物调查数据, 分别采用Baselga提出的基于Sørensen指数的 β 多样性分解方法, 将其划分为周转（turnover）和嵌套（nestdness）组分加和的形式, 以及Legendre等提出的 β 多样性分解方法, 将其拆解为单个站位（LCBD）和单个物种（SCBD）对整体 β 多样性的贡献。应用相关性分析和典范对应分析（canonical correspondence analysis, CCA）, 系统探讨了北部湾大型底栖动物 β 多样性及其LCBD和SCBD指数分别与物种丰富度和环境因子的关系, 以期全面揭示 β 多样性格局及其驱动因素。结果表明: （1）共记录北部湾大型底栖动物73种, 隶属于9门16纲32目52科63属, 其中环节动物多毛类占比最高, 其次为甲壳类、棘皮动物和软体动物; （2）研究海域大型底栖动物 β 多样性水平较高, 所有站位均以周转组分占主导, 表明物种组成存在显著的空间异质性; （3）SCBD最大值由洼颚倍棘蛇尾（Amphioplus depressus）贡献（0.095）, 棘皮动物和环节动物具有较大的SCBD值;（4）LCBD最大值由S02-3站位点贡献（0.057）, 该站位沉积物总氮（TN）、总碳（TC）、有机碳（TOC）含量较高, 高LCBD值站位主要分布于北部湾近海区域;且LCBD值与物种丰富度呈负相关关系（R2= 0.018）; （5）TC、pH和水深是显著影响大型底栖动物群落的三个主要环境变量。综上, 本研究揭示了北部湾北部大型底栖动物 β 多样性的空间格局及其驱动因素, 为区域生物多样性保护与管理提供了科学参考。

关键词: 北部湾, 大型底栖动物, β 多样性, SCBD, LCBD

Abstract: The β diversity of biological communities, as an important hub connecting local (α) diversity and regional (γ) diversity, has always been a research hotspot in ecology in terms of its spatial pattern and construction mechanism. However, the research in Marine macrobenthos communities is still relatively weak.This research is grounded in the survey data of macrobenthos in the northern Beibu Gulf in August 2024. The β-diversity decomposition method proposed by Baselga, which is based on the Sørensen index, was employed to partition it into the sum of turnover and nestedness components. Moreover, the β-diversity decomposition method put forward by Legendre et al. was utilized to decompose it into the contributions of individual stations (LCBD) and individual species (SCBD) to the overall β-diversity.On this basis, by applying correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis, the relationships between the β diversity of macrobenthos in the Beibu Gulf and their LCBD and SCBD indices and species richness and environmental factors were systematically explored. With the aim of comprehensively revealing the β diversity pattern and its driving factors. The results show that: (1) A total of 73 species of macrobenthos were recorded in the Beibu Gulf, belonging to 9 phyla, 16 classes, 32 orders, 52 families and 63 genera. Among them, the dominant species composition was polychaete annelids, followed by crustaceans, echinoderms and mollusks; (2) The β diversity level of the macrobenthic species composition in this area is relatively high. At all stations, the cycling components are dominant, indicating that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the composition of macrobenthic species in the study area; (3) The maximum value of SCBD is contributed by the amphipod Amphioplus depressus (0.095), while the echinoderms and annelids have larger SCBD values; (4) The maximum value of LCBD is contributed by the stations with high contents of total nitrogen, total carbon, and organic carbon (0.057) at the S02-3 site. The stations with larger contributions are mainly distributed in the coastal area of the Beibu Gulf. The LCBD value is negatively correlated with species richness (R2 = 0.018); (5) TC, pH and water depth are the three main environmental variables that significantly affect the macrobenthos community. In summary, the results of this study reveal the β diversity pattern of macrobenthos in the northern part of the Beibu Gulf and its driving factors, providing a scientific reference for regional biodiversity conservation and management.

Key words: Beibu Gulf, macrobenthic, beta diversity, species contributions to beta diversity, local contributions to beta diversity