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热带海洋学报

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西沙群岛永乐环礁东部区域海草资源调查与评估

刘松林1, 2, 3, 4,黄育莹1, 2,高赛1, 2,尹婷婷1, 2,霍达1, 5,张霞1, 5,江志坚1, 2, 3, 4,吴云超1, 2, 3, 4,陈偿1, 5, 黄小平1, 2, 3, 4
  

  1. 1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所，热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室，广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室，广东 广州 510301;

    2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049;

    3. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所，海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站, 海南 三亚 572000;

    4. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所，海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室，三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院，海南 三亚 572000;

    5. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所，海南西沙海洋环境国家野外科学观测研究站，海南 三沙 573199



  • 收稿日期:2025-12-18 修回日期:2026-02-28 接受日期:2026-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 刘松林
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技基础资源调查专项(2025FY101402); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0802201); 中国科学院青年创新促进会(2023359); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2025B1515020078); 广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室运行经费(2024B1212050003)

Investigation and assessment of seagrass resources on the eastern Yongle Atoll, Xisha Islands

LIU Songlin 1, 2, 3, 4, HUANG Yuying1, 2, GAO Sai1, 2, YIN Tingting1, 2, HUO Da1, 5, ZHANG Xia1, 5, JIANG Zhijian1, 2, 3, 4, WU Yunchao1, 2, 3, 4, CHEN Chang1, 5, HUANG Xiaoping1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    3. Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China;

    4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya 572000, China;

    5. Xisha Marine Environment National Observation and Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sansha 573199, China



  • Received:2025-12-18 Revised:2026-02-28 Accepted:2026-03-12
  • Supported by:
    National Survey of Science and Technology Resources(2025FY101402); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0802201); Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2023359); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025B1515020078); Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China(2024B1212050003)

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摘要： 西沙永乐环礁是我国典型热带珊瑚岛礁，海草床是其重要的生态系统，与珊瑚礁生态系统一起共同维持岛礁的生态健康，但目前对永乐环礁的海草资源及其生境状况的认知还十分有限。本研究于2025年9月对永乐环礁东部海域（主要包括晋卿岛、龙洞实验站、龙洞、鸭公岛、全富岛）开展调查研究，获取水体环境与海草资源现状，评估海草物种组成、生长状况及其分布特征。调查期间海水温度范围为28.7~31.0 °C、盐度为32.5~34.6、pH 为8.09~8.51、溶解氧为7.85~12.50 mg/L，整体环境稳定。调查范围内记录泰来草（Thalassia hemprichii）和卵叶喜盐草（Halophila ovalis）两种海草，泰来草的密度和覆盖率变化范围为876~1792株/m2和45~85%，而卵叶喜盐草为3934~7723 株/m2和35~55%，显示良好生长状态。其中，泰来草的叶长、根生物量、地上生物量及地上/地下生物量比呈现差异显著，表明其对微环境变化的响应与适应。海草床走航测量结果显示面积超过50 ha，受调查条件限制，未能覆盖永乐环礁全部岛礁。本研究填补了永乐环礁海草资料空缺，可为南海岛礁海草生态系统保护与长期监测提供基础支撑。

关键词: 海草床, 永乐环礁, 泰来草, 卵叶喜盐草, 生物量分配

Abstract: The Yongle Atoll in the Xisha Islands is a typical tropical coral island and reef system in China. Seagrass beds serve as a crucial ecosystem there, working together with coral reef ecosystems to jointly sustain the ecological health of the atoll. However, current understanding of the seagrass resources and their habitat conditions in the Yongle Atoll remains limited. In September 2025, we conducted surveys along the eastern rim of Yongle Atoll (Jinqing Island, Longdong Station, Longdong, Yagong Island, and Quanfu Island) to characterize seawater environmental conditions and assess the current status of seagrass resources, including species composition, growth performance and spatial extent. During the survey, seawater temperature ranged from 28.7 to 31.0°C, salinity from 32.5 to 34.6, pH from 8.09 to 8.51, and dissolved oxygen from 7.85 to 12.50 mg/L, indicating a stable and favorable environment. Two seagrass species, Thalassia hemprichii and Halophila ovalis, were recorded within the study area. The density and coverage of T. hemprichii ranged from 876 to 1792 shoots/m² and 45–85%, while those of H. ovalis ranged from 3934 to 7723 shoots/m² and 35–55%, suggesting generally healthy growth conditions. Significant differences in leaf length, root biomass, aboveground biomass, and above-/below-ground biomass ratios of T. hemprichii indicate distinct responses and adaptive strategies to micro-environmental variation. Ship-based survey results indicate that seagrass beds covering over 50 ha are distributed along the eastern coast of Yongle Atoll. Due to survey constraints, this study did not cover all the islands and reefs within Yongle Atoll. This study fills a critical knowledge gap regarding seagrass distribution in Yongle Atoll and provides essential baseline information for the conservation and long-term monitoring of seagrass ecosystems in the South China Sea.

Key words: Seagrass meadows, Yongle Atoll, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Biomass allocation