2021—2023年夏季珠江口及毗邻海域水文特征的时空变化

doi:10.11978/2024042

热带海洋学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 108-121.doi: 10.11978/2024042CSTR: 32234.14.2024042

2021—2023年夏季珠江口及毗邻海域水文特征的时空变化

郭绍敬¹(), 张小波¹, 常景龙¹, 张守文¹, 季轩梁², 苗润乔¹, 李建东¹, 朱学明¹()

1.中山大学海洋科学学院, 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东珠海 519082
2.国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-02-22 修回日期:2024-03-18 出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-02-10
通讯作者: 朱学明
作者简介:
郭绍敬(1994—), 男, 广东省湛江市人, 博士研究生, 从事物理海洋学研究。email: guoshj9@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)自主科研项目(SML2023SP219); 国家自然科学基金项目(42176029)

Summer hydrological variations during 2021-2023 in the Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent areas

GUO Shaojing¹(), ZHANG Xiaobo¹, CHANG Jinglong¹, ZHANG Shouwen¹, JI Xuanliang², MIAO Runqiao¹, LI Jiandong¹, ZHU Xueming¹()

1. School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
2. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2024-02-22 Revised:2024-03-18 Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-02-10
Contact: ZHU Xueming
Supported by:
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(SML2023SP219); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176029)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2021—2023年夏季珠江口及毗邻海域现场调查资料, 分析了夏季水文要素的时空变化及其影响因素。研究表明: 夏季温盐均表现为东北—西南走向的空间分布特征, 但三年调查期间的量值变化显著。平均海表温度 2021年最低, 2022年最高; 底层海温2021年最高, 2022和2023年依次减小。2022年强径流导致冲淡水向外扩展范围广, 海表盐度明显低于2021和2023年; 底层盐度2023年最高, 2021和2022年依次减小。中、底层温盐变化与台风过境及陆架低温高盐水入侵有关。2021年台风Lupit过境后垂向温盐混合均匀可直达海底, 层结减弱。观测期间陆架水上溯至伶仃洋, 在此形成低温区和显著盐度锋面。2022和2023年陆架水入侵依次增强, 中、底层海温(盐度)依次降低(增大)。2023年强上升流抑制珠江口冲淡水向陆架扩散, 导致陆架海表盐度高于前两年。底层温盐随潮汐而变化, 涨潮时高盐冷水向岸运动导致温度下降、盐度升高, 退潮时则反之。海表温度与气温具有较好正相关关系, 随气温变化明显。

关键词: 珠江口, 水文要素, 时空变化, 陆架水, 向岸风

Abstract:

Using in-situ data collected by summer cruises during 2021−2023, summer hydrological variations and their influencing factors were studied. The results show that the summer temperature and salinity were charactered by northeast-southwest distribution pattern, while variations in values were significant during the investigation. Mean sea surface temperature (SST) was lowest in 2021 but highest in 2022. Bottom temperature was highest in 2021, but moderate in 2022 and lowest in 2023. Strong runoff caused a significant outward expansion of diluted waters, sea surface salinity (SSS) was strikingly lower in 2022 than those in 2021 and 2023. Bottom salinity was highest in 2023, moderate in 2021 and lower in 2022. Temperature and salinity variations in the middle and low layers were related to the passage of typhoons and invasion of shelf cold and saline water. Those vertical temperature and salinity observed after Typhoon Lupit passed in 2021 mixed homogeneously, weakening stratification. Bottom shelf water intruded into the Lingding Bay, forming a low-temperature zone and apparent salinity front. Middle and bottom temperature (salinity) decreased (increased) owing to the enhanced bottom shelf water intrusion in sequence in 2022 and 2023. In 2023, strong upwelling inhibited the expansion of diluted water seaward to increase SSS over the shelf higher than those in 2021 and 2022. Bottom temperature and salinity varied with the tide, in which the shoreward movement of cold and saline water tended to decrease temperature and increase salinity during flood tide, while the opposite occurred during ebb tide. The positive correlation between SST and air temperature suggested that SST varied with air temperature.

Key words: Pearl River Estuary, hydrology, spatiotemporal variations, shelf water, onshore wind

中图分类号:

P731

郭绍敬, 张小波, 常景龙, 张守文, 季轩梁, 苗润乔, 李建东, 朱学明. 2021—2023年夏季珠江口及毗邻海域水文特征的时空变化[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2025, 44(1): 108-121.

GUO Shaojing, ZHANG Xiaobo, CHANG Jinglong, ZHANG Shouwen, JI Xuanliang, MIAO Runqiao, LI Jiandong, ZHU Xueming. Summer hydrological variations during 2021-2023 in the Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent areas[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025, 44(1): 108-121.

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年份	海温/℃		盐度/‰		密度/(kg·m^-3)
年份	表层	底层	表层	底层	表层	底层
2021	29.4±1.1	25.4±2.9	24.7±8.5	31.1±5.6	1014.3±6.7	1020.4±5.1
2022	30.4±1.1	24.8±3.1	20.4±10.1	28.2±9.4	1010.7±7.4	1018.4±7.9
2023	29.6±0.8	23.1±2.1	28.4±7.1	33.2±3.4	1016.9±5.3	1022.7±3.1

	海温			盐度
	表层	中层	底层	表层	中层	底层
U′	-	-	-	-	-	-
V′	-0.42	-0.46	-0.44	0.42	0.26	0.21
气温	0.36	-0.22	-0.31	0.40	0.38	0.38

2021—2023年夏季珠江口及毗邻海域水文特征的时空变化

Summer hydrological variations during 2021-2023 in the Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent areas

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