钦州湾表层海水中全氟烷基化合物的时空变化及来源解析

doi:10.11978/2025153

热带海洋学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 116-125.doi: 10.11978/2025153CSTR: 32234.14.2025153

钦州湾表层海水中全氟烷基化合物的时空变化及来源解析

田蜜¹^,²(), 张健², 廖日权³, 董凤凤⁴, 唐建辉²^,³()

¹ 聊城大学, 地理与环境学院, 山东聊城 252000
² 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东省海岸带环境过程与生态安全重点实验室, 山东烟台 264003
³ 北部湾大学, 广西海洋环境灾害过程与生态保护技术重点实验室, 平陆运河河口海湾生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西钦州 535011
⁴ 上海交通大学, 环境科学与工程学院, 上海 200240

收稿日期:2025-08-31 修回日期:2025-09-21 出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-31
通讯作者: 唐建辉。email: jhtang@yic.ac.cn
作者简介:
田蜜(1999—), 女, 山西省忻州市人, 硕士研究生, 从事全氟烷基化合物研究。email: v15735574514@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金区域(山东)创新发展联合基金(U22A20607); 钦州市科技开发计划项目(202116623)

Spatiotemporal variation and source analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surface seawater of Qinzhou Bay, China

TIAN Mi¹^,²(), ZHANG Jian², LIAO Riquan³, DONG Fengfeng⁴, TANG Jianhui²^,³()

¹ School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
² Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Security, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
³ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Disaster Processes and Ecological Protection Technology, Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
⁴ School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received:2025-08-31 Revised:2025-09-21 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-31
Contact: TANG Jianhui. email: jhtang@yic.ac.cn
Supported by:
Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Shandong)(U22A20607); Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of Qinzhou(202116623)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钦州湾连通平陆运河和北部湾, 是典型的亚热带半封闭海湾, 其生态环境受人类活动影响显著。全氟烷基化合物(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS)是一类广泛应用于工农业生产和日用化学品行业的化学品, 也是一类对生态系统健康具有潜在危害的新兴污染物。为研究钦州湾区域海水中PFAS的时空变化, 于2023年9月、2024年3月和2024年6月采集了钦州湾(茅尾海和外湾)不同区域的表层水样, 对比分析了36种PFAS[包括14种新型的全氟聚醚羧酸类(perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids, PFECAs)和22种传统PFAS]的污染特征。结果表明, 钦州湾海水中PFAS以全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)及其短链代替品全氟丁酸(perfluorobutanoic acid, PFBA)为主, 总浓度6月最高, 3月最低。PFECAs中以全氟2-甲氧基乙酸(perfluoro-2-methoxyacetic acid, PFMOAA)和全氟-3, 5-二氧杂己酸[perfluoro-(3, 5-dioxahexanoic) acid, PFO2HxA]为主。受钦江输入影响, 整体上茅尾海的PFAS污染高于外湾。3月份, PFAS浓度在钦江(平陆运河)入海口最高; 至6月份, 整个钦州湾的浓度较3月份显著升高。通过主成分分析方法解析PFAS的潜在来源, 钦州湾海水中PFAS污染主要来自氟化工、纺织、造纸、食品包装和涂料等工业和生活污染源。整体上, 钦州湾海水中PFAS的污染水平与中国其他海湾相比处于较低水平, 但PFBA的浓度较高, 该区域PFBA相关产品的使用应当引起注意。

关键词: 平陆运河, 全氟烷基化合物, 全氟聚醚羧酸类, 时空变化, 源解析

Abstract:

Qinzhou Bay, which connects the Pinglu Canal and the Beibu Gulf, is a typical subtropical semi-enclosed bay, and the ecological environment of Qinzhou Bay is significantly affected by human activities. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of chemicals widely used in industrial and agricultural production and domestic chemical products, are also emerging contaminants that are harmful to the health of ecosystems. To study the spatiotemporal variation of PFAS in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay, surface seawater samples were collected from different areas of Qinzhou Bay (Maowei Sea and the outer bay) in September 2023, March, and June 2024. The pollution status of 36 PFAS [including 14 emerging perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) and 22 legacy PFAS] was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its short-chain substitute perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) were the main PFAS in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay. The total concentration was highest in June and lowest in March. The dominant components of PFECAs were perfluoro-2-methoxyacetic acid (PFMOAA) and perfluoro-(3, 5-dioxahexanoic) acid (PFO2HxA). Due to the influence of the Qinjiang River input, the overall PFAS pollution in Maowei Sea was higher than that in the outer bay. In March, the concentration of PFAS was highest at the estuary of Qinjiang River (Pinglu Canal), and by June, concentrations across the entire Qinzhou Bay had increased compared to March. Through principal components analysis (PCA), potential sources of PFAS pollution in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay were identified—mainly from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as fluorine chemical industry, textiles, papermaking, food packaging, and coatings. Overall, the level of PFAS contamination in the seawater of Qinzhou Bay was relatively low compared to other bays in China. However, a notably elevated concentration of PFBA was observed, suggesting that local usage of PFBA-containing products warrants further attention.

Key words: Pinglu Canal, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), spatiotemporal variation, source analysis

中图分类号:

田蜜, 张健, 廖日权, 董凤凤, 唐建辉. 钦州湾表层海水中全氟烷基化合物的时空变化及来源解析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2026, 45(4): 116-125.

TIAN Mi, ZHANG Jian, LIAO Riquan, DONG Fengfeng, TANG Jianhui. Spatiotemporal variation and source analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surface seawater of Qinzhou Bay, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2026, 45(4): 116-125.

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类型	传统PFAS	中文名	内标
全氟烷基羧酸类(PFCAs)	PFBA	全氟丁酸	¹³C₄-PFBA
	PFPeA	全氟戊酸	¹³C₅-PFPeA
	PFHxA	全氟己酸	¹³C₅-PFHxA
	PFHpA	全氟庚酸	¹³C₄-PFHpA
	PFOA	全氟辛酸	¹³C₈-PFOA
	PFNA	全氟壬酸	¹³C₉-PFNA
	PFDA	全氟癸酸	¹³C₆-PFDA
	PFUnDA	全氟十一酸	¹³C₇-PFUnDA
	PFDoDA	全氟十二酸	¹³C₂-PFDoDA
全氟烷基磺酸类(perfluoroalkyl sulfonate acids, PFSAs)	PFBS	全氟丁烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFBS
	PFPeS	全氟戊烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFHxS
	PFHxS	全氟己烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFHxS
	PFHpS	全氟庚烷磺酸	¹³C₃-PFHxS
	PFOS	全氟辛烷磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	4∶2FTSA	全氟丁基乙基磺酸钠	¹³C₂-4∶2 FTSA
	6∶2FTSA	全氟己基乙基磺酸	¹³C₂-6∶2 FTSA
	8∶2FTSA	1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-全氟癸磺酸	¹³C₂-8∶2 FTSA
全氟聚醚磺酸类 (PFESAs)	4∶2Cl-PFESA	4∶2氯代多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	6∶2H-PFESA	6∶2多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	6∶2Cl-PFESA	6∶2氯代多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	8∶2Cl-PFESA	8∶2氯代多氟醚磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
	H-PFMO2OSA	全氟二氧辛烷磺酸	¹³C₈-PFOS
全氟聚醚羧酸类(PFECAs)	HFPO-DA	六氟环氧丙烷二聚体羧酸	¹³C₃-HFPO-DA
	HFPO-TA(C7)	六氟环氧丙烷三聚体羧酸(C7)	¹³C₃-HFPO-DA
	HFPO-TA(C8)	六氟环氧丙烷三聚体羧酸(C8)	¹³C₈-PFOA
	HFPO-TA (C9)	六氟环氧丙烷三聚体羧酸(C9)	¹³C₉-PFNA
	PFMOAA	全氟2-甲氧基乙酸	¹³C₄-PFBA
	PFO2HxA	全氟(3, 5-二氧六)酸	¹³C₅-PFPeA
	PFO3OA	全氟(3, 5, 7-三氧杂)辛酸	¹³C₅-PFHxA
	PFO4DA	全氟(3, 5, 7, 9-四氧十二烷)酸	¹³C₄-PFHpA
	PFO5DoDA	全氟(3, 5, 7, 9, 11-五氧十二烷)酸	¹³C₈-PFOA
	PF4OPeA	全氟-4-氧戊酸	¹³C₄-PFBA
	PF5OHxA	全氟-4-甲氧基丁酸	¹³C₅-PFPeA
	3,6-OPFHpA	全氟-3,6-二噁庚酸	¹³C₅-PFHxA
	PFO2OA	全氟环氧丙烷二聚酸	¹³C₄-PFHpA
	PMPA	全氟-3-甲氧基丙酸	¹³C₄-PFBA

PFAS	2023-09	2024-03	2024-06
PFAS	浓度平均值/(ng·L⁻¹)	浓度平均值/(ng·L⁻¹)	浓度平均值/(ng·L⁻¹)
PFBA(C4)	1.26±0.10	1.06±0.08	6.67±0.52
PFHxA(C6)	0.32±0.02	0.18±0.03	0.61±0.09
PFHpA(C7)	0.37±0.04	0.28±0.03	0.60±0.11
PFOA(C8)	1.61±0.18	0.65±0.04	1.54±0.27
PFNA(C9)	0.16±0.01	0.17±0.03	0.64±0.18
PFBS(C4)	0.31±0.02	0.37±0.04	1.18±0.17
PFHxS(C6)	0.05±0.004	0.02±0.01	0.18±0.13
PFHpS(C7)	0.19±0.09	0.01±0.003	0.13±0.09
PFOS(C8)	0.80±0.08	0.28±0.09	0.37±0.22
HFPO-TA(C7)	0.15±0.01	0.07±0.01	0.02±0.01
HFPO-TA(C8)	0.10±0.01	0.12±0.02	0.26±0.10
PFMOAA(C3)	0.76±0.51	0.12±0.01	0.25±0.10
PFO2HxA(C4)	0.26±0.02	0.10±0.01	0.15±0.03
PFO3OA(C5)	0.08±0.01	0.05±0.004	0.04±0.02
PMPA(C4)	0.21±0.01	0.18±0.03	0.74±0.03

PFAS	2023-09		2024-03		2024-06
PFAS	PC1载荷(78.0%)	PC2载荷(7.1%)	PC1载荷(80.0%)	PC2载荷(11.4%)	PC1载荷(87.3%)	PC2载荷(5.0%)
PFBA	8.53	-1.72	15.52	-1.05	17.52	1.06
PFPeA	-1.30	-0.34	-0.51	-0.25	-0.29	0.16
PFHxA	0.02	-0.34	-0.80	-0.03	-0.47	-0.72
PFHpA	0.14	-0.34	1.23	-0.19	-0.52	0.12
PFOA	11.05	1.74	8.69	-1.26	2.96	-4.06
PFNA	-1.40	-0.57	-0.78	-0.39	-0.52	0.78
PFUnDA	-2.57	-0.40	-3.20	-0.16	-	-
PFDoDA	-2.80	-0.38	-3.57	-0.15	-	-
PFBS	-0.10	-0.30	2.85	-0.40	1.23	0.17
PFHxS	-2.43	-0.43	-3.32	-0.22	-2.31	0.79
PFHpS	-1.46	1.55	-3.41	-0.15	-2.24	0.12
PFOS	4.63	-1.42	-0.37	0.81	-1.83	0.63
4∶2 FTSA	-2.71	-0.38	-3.51	-0.14	-	-
6∶2 FTSA	-2.55	-0.39	2.73	7.30	-	-
HFPO-DA	-0.88	0.47	-2.75	-0.49	-2.60	0.34
HFPO-TA(C7)	-1.48	-0.20	-2.20	-0.28	-2.60	0.40
HFPO-TA(C8)	-1.99	-0.01	-1.05	-0.95	-1.55	-0.56
HFPO-TA(C9)	-0.79	0.95	-2.24	-0.56	-2.66	0.42
PFMOAA	-0.51	3.28	-1.26	-0.36	-2.05	0.46
PFO2HxA	-0.48	-0.34	-1.57	-0.52	-2.04	0.11
PMPA	-0.92	-0.42	-0.46	-0.56	-0.03	-0.23

钦州湾表层海水中全氟烷基化合物的时空变化及来源解析

Spatiotemporal variation and source analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the surface seawater of Qinzhou Bay, China

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