南海北部涠洲岛边缘珊瑚礁的生物侵蚀实验研究

doi:10.11978/2023002

热带海洋学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 155-165.doi: 10.11978/2023002CSTR: 32234.14.2023002

南海北部涠洲岛边缘珊瑚礁的生物侵蚀实验研究

江绿苗¹^,²(), 陈天然¹(), 赵宽³, 张婷¹^,², 许莉佳⁴

1.中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室, 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院, 海南三亚 572024
4.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所, 广东广州 510530

收稿日期:2023-01-03 修回日期:2023-03-26 出版日期:2024-05-10 发布日期:2023-04-13
作者简介:
江绿苗(1998—), 女, 海南省三亚市人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事珊瑚礁沉积学研究。email: jianglvmiao.mf@outlook.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42076065); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202105-176); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202004-143)

Experimental study on bioerosion of marginal reefs in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea

JIANG Lyumiao¹^,²(), CHEN Tianran¹(), ZHAO Kuan³, ZHANG Ting¹^,², XU Lijia⁴

1. Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology), Guangzhou 510301, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
4. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, China, Guangzhou 510530, China

Received:2023-01-03 Revised:2023-03-26 Online:2024-05-10 Published:2023-04-13
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076065); Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(PM-zx703-202105-176); Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(PM-zx703-202004-143)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球变化背景下, 边缘珊瑚礁面临着来自自然与人类的双重压力。海水富营养化引起的生物侵蚀加剧, 虽然较为隐蔽, 但却会对珊瑚群落的发育以及礁格架的稳定性产生不良影响, 是边缘珊瑚礁潜在的危害之一。本研究在南海北部涠洲岛三个典型的边缘珊瑚礁开展了近一年的原位侵蚀实验, 定量分析了珊瑚礁的生物侵蚀强度与侵蚀速率, 并结合卫星遥感监测的水体环境参数, 探究了珊瑚礁侵蚀与海水环境的关系。研究发现, 内部大型侵蚀生物的侵蚀速率相比侵蚀强度更能够指示海水富营养盐与高浊度环境, 而侵蚀强度能够体现侵蚀生物的群落演替阶段。此外, 将涠洲岛生物侵蚀速率数据与全球其他典型珊瑚礁区域进行对比, 发现涠洲岛生物侵蚀速率处于全球中等水平(以内部大型侵蚀生物为主导), 但在其所属的“人为边缘礁”类型中为较低水平。结合气候变化、城市化发展、礁体健康状况等趋势以及本研究结果, 推测涠洲岛的生物侵蚀可能会继续加强, 达到“人为边缘礁”的高侵蚀水平, 并进一步加剧珊瑚礁的退化。

关键词: 边缘珊瑚礁, 生物侵蚀速率, 原位侵蚀实验, 南海北部

Abstract:

In the context of global change, marginal coral reefs are threatened by both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Biological erosion caused by seawater eutrophication is one of the potential hazards of marginal coral reefs, which can adversely impact the development of the coral community and the reef-framework stability. Here, in-situ bioerosion experiments were conducted for nearly a year on three typical marginal reefs in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea, to quantify coral reef bioerosion intensities and rates. Combined with the water environment parameters monitored by satellite remote sensing, we explored the relationship between coral reef erosion and water-quality parameters. We suggested that the bioerosion rates of internal bioeroders were more indicative of seawater eutrophication and high turbidity environment than the bioerosion intensities, which could reflect the community evolutionary stage of bioeroders. In addition, by comparing the bioerosion rate data of the Weizhou Island with other typical reef areas, we found that its bioerosion rate was at a moderate level (dominated by internal macroborers) in the world, but at a low level among the “anthropogenic marginal reefs”. Combined with the trends of climate change, urbanization development, reef health status, as well as the results of this study, we speculated that the biological erosion of the Weizhou Island may strengthen further to reach a high level for the “anthropogenic marginal reefs”, and may aggravate the degradation of coral reefs.

Key words: marginal coral reef, bioerosion rates, in-situ bioerosion experiments, northern South China Sea

江绿苗, 陈天然, 赵宽, 张婷, 许莉佳. 南海北部涠洲岛边缘珊瑚礁的生物侵蚀实验研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2024, 43(3): 155-165.

JIANG Lyumiao, CHEN Tianran, ZHAO Kuan, ZHANG Ting, XU Lijia. Experimental study on bioerosion of marginal reefs in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(3): 155-165.

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站点	侵蚀速率/(kg·m^-2·yr^-1)	侵蚀强度/%			总侵蚀强度/%
站点	侵蚀速率/(kg·m^-2·yr^-1)	双壳类	海绵	蠕虫	总侵蚀强度/%
1	0.60±0.16	0.09±0.06	0.15±0.15	0.56±0.30	0.80±0.44
2	0.45±0.15	0.05±0.05	0.03±0.02	0.24±0.05	0.32±0.08
3	0.38±0.11	0.03±0.03	0.08±0.05	0.29±0.05	0.40±0.09
涠洲岛(平均)	0.48±0.07	0.06±0.05	0.09±0.15	0.38±0.10	0.52±0.25

海域	地点	图5 序号	暴露时间/月	生物侵蚀速率/(kg·m^-2·yr^-1)	主要侵蚀生物	海水Chl a /(mg·m^-3)	海水K_d(490)/(m^-1)	区域特征	参考文献
东热带太平洋	巴拿马	①	24	1.36	双壳类、蠕虫	1.99	0.16	自然边缘礁	Enochs et al, 2021
中太平洋	茂纳卢阿湾 (夏威夷欧胡岛)	②	12	0.04	(未知)	0.09	0.00	大洋珊瑚礁	Lubarsky et al, 2018
中太平洋	卡内奥赫湾 (夏威夷欧胡岛)	③	24	0.34	(未知)	0.20	0.00	大洋珊瑚礁	Silbiger et al, 2016
西热带太平洋	新加坡南部岛屿	④	12	1.08	海绵、蠕虫	2.85	0.25	人为边缘礁	Januchowski-Hartley et al, 2020
	中国香港	⑤	24	1.38	海胆、蠕虫、双壳类	3.16	0.19	人为边缘礁	Yeung et al, 2021
	中国涠洲岛	⑥	10	0.46	蠕虫	2.19	0.19	人为边缘礁
印度洋	泰国斯米兰群岛 (安达曼海)	⑦	18	0.70	鹦嘴鱼	0.25	0.04	自然边缘礁	Schmidt et al, 2013
红海	沙特阿拉伯中部海湾	⑧	30	0.96	内部大型生物	0.76	0.05	自然边缘礁	Roik et al, 2018

南海北部涠洲岛边缘珊瑚礁的生物侵蚀实验研究

Experimental study on bioerosion of marginal reefs in the Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea

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