摄食水平和饵料种类对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及氮收支的影响

doi:10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2010.04.094

热带海洋学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 94-101.doi: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2010.04.094cstr: 32234.14.j.issn.1009-5470.2010.04.094

摄食水平和饵料种类对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及氮收支的影响

孙丽华1,3, 陈浩如1,3, 黄洪辉1,2, 黄良民1,3

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 广东广州 510301; 2. 农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广东广州510301; 3. 中国科学院大亚湾海洋生物综合实验站, 广东深圳 518121

收稿日期:2008-04-28 修回日期:2008-09-22 出版日期:2010-07-31 发布日期:2010-07-29
作者简介:孙丽华(1976—), 女, 湖南省邵阳市人, 博士, 近年主要从事海水鱼类生理生态学研究。
基金资助:
广东省科技厅“十五”重大科技专项资助项目(2001A305020201); 农业部渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助; 广东省渔
业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助(2006-5); 中国科学院南海海洋研究所青年人才领域前沿项目资助(SQ200706)

Effects of ration level and feed type on growth and nitrogen budget of young cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

SUN Li-hua1, 3, CHEN Hao-ru1, 3, HUANG Hong-hui1, 2, HUANG Liang-min1, 3

1. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS, Guangzhou 510301, China; 2. Key and Open Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510301, China; 3. Marine Biology Research Station at Daya Bay, CAS, Shenzhen 518121, China

Received:2008-04-28 Revised:2008-09-22 Online:2010-07-31 Published:2010-07-29
About author:孙丽华(1976—), 女, 湖南省邵阳市人, 博士, 近年主要从事海水鱼类生理生态学研究。
Supported by:
广东省科技厅“十五”重大科技专项资助项目(2001A305020201); 农业部渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助; 广东省渔
业生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助(2006-5); 中国科学院南海海洋研究所青年人才领域前沿项目资助(SQ200706)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了不同饵料种类(小沙丁鱼肉—NSF, 鳗鱼配合饲料—CEFF, 海水鱼配合饲料—CMFF)和摄食水平(从饥饿至饱食)对军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum幼鱼(平均初始体重约28g)生长和氮收支的影响, 并建立了不同饵料种类时的生长—摄食关系和氮排泄—摄食关系。结果表明, 投喂3种不同饵料的军曹鱼幼鱼湿重、干重和氮特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势, 其中, 投喂NSF和CEFF组的特定生长率与摄食水平之间表现为减速增长曲线, 投喂CMFF组的表现为直线; 饱食时, 投喂NSF和CEFF组的特定生长率接近而明显高于投喂CMFF组。投喂NSF和CEFF组的食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而增长或呈先增长后下降的趋势, 在饱食或次饱食(约为饱食量的70%)摄食水平组有最大值, 而投喂CMFF组的食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而持续增长, 在饱食摄食水平时有最大值; 除食物湿重转化效率外, 投喂NSF组的食物转化效率最高, 其次为投喂CEFF组, 而两者均明显高于投喂CMFF组。3个饵料组的军曹鱼幼鱼摄食氮、排粪氮、生长氮和排泄氮均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势; 投喂NSF和CEFF组的摄食氮、生长氮和排泄氮明显高于投喂CMFF组, 而投喂CMFF组的排粪氮最高, 其次为投喂CEFF组, 且两者明显高于投喂NSF组。军曹鱼幼鱼投喂NSF、CEFF和CMFF时饱食和次饱食摄食水平的氮收支方程分别为: 100CN = 1.1(0.9)FN + 27.0(29.3)GN + 71.9(69.8)UN、100CN = 5.2(4.3)FN + 27.0(28.7)GN + 67.8(67.0)UN和100CN = 9.9(8.4)FN + 21.6(10.1)GN + 68.5(81.5)UN(氮收支方程括号中的为次饱食数据); 3个饵料组军曹鱼幼鱼饱时和次饱食时摄食氮中用于排粪的比例较小且变化不大, 投喂NSF和CEFF组次饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例较饱食时略大而用于排泄的比例较饱食时略小, 但投喂CMFF组饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例明显高于而用于排泄的比例明显低于次饱食摄食水平时。因此, 军曹鱼幼鱼的氮排泄和氮收支方程受摄食水平和饵料种类双重因素的影响, 但不管投喂何种饵料, 摄食氮增大是导致鱼类氮排泄增加的主要原因。综合考虑生长、食物转化效率、氮排泄和氮收支方程各因素, 军曹鱼由幼鱼优先选择投喂的饵料为NSF, 其次为CEFF, 在本实验的生长阶段, 两者的适宜投喂水平以占饱食量的70%—100%为佳。

关键词: 军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum幼鱼, 摄食水平, 饵料种类, 生长, 氮收支

Abstract:

Growth and nitrogen budget of young cobia (initial body weight 28g or so) at different ration levels (from starvation to satiation) for different feed types (i.e. NSF-natural sardine fish, CEFF-commercial eel formulated feed and CMFF-commercial marine-fish formulated feed) were studied, and the relationships between growth as well as nitrogenous excretion and ration were established in this paper. The results showed that as ration increased specific growth rate (SGR) of young cobia increased with a decelerating pattern for NSF and CEFF and with a linear pattern for CMFF. Among three feed type groups young cobia had a similar SGR between NSF and CEFF, but the SGR for NSF and CEFF was much higher than that for CMFF. As ration increased feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of young cobia increased or first increased then decreased and maximized at satiation or sub-satiation ration for NSF and CEFF, and increased along and maximized at satiation ration for CMFF. Among three feed type groups feed conversion efficiency in dry weight and nitrogen for NSF was highest, second for CEFF and both were much higher than that for CMFF. Food nitrogen (CN), faeces nitrogen (FN), growth nitrogen (GN) and excretion nitrogen (UN) all increased with increased ration for three feed types. CN, GN and UN for NSF and CEFF were much more than those for CMFF, but FN for CMFF was the most, second for CEFF and both were much more than that for NSF. The nitrogen budgets at satiation and sub-satiation ration for NSF, CEFF and CMFF were 100CN = 1.1(0.9)FN + 27.0(29.3)GN + 71.9(69.8)UN, 100CN = 5.2(4.3)FN + 27.0(28.7)GN + 67.8(67.0)UN and 100CN = 9.9(8.4)FN + 21.6(10.1)GN + 68.5(81.5)UN (the data in bracket expressed those at sub-satiation ration), respectively. Both the proportions of feed nitrogen lost in faeces and the variations of the proportions for three feed types were small. For NSF and CEFF at sub-satiation ration the proportion of feed nitrogen stored as growth was a little more than and the proportion of feed nitrogen lost in nitrogen was a little less than those at satiation ration, but for CMFF at satiation ration the proportion of feed nitrogen stored as growth was much more than and the proportion of feed nitrogen lost in nitrogen was much less than those at sub-satiation ration. So, nitrogenous excretion and nitrogen budget of young cobia were affected obviously by both ration level and feed type, and increased feed nitrogen was the major reason for the increased excretion nitrogen no matter what feed was used. Based on the specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, nitrogenous excretion and nitrogen budget it could be concluded that NSF was proposed as the preference for the diet choice in cobia artificial breeding and CEFF secondly. Ration level with the range 70%−100% of satiation ration was thought suitable for cobia artificial breeding at this growth stage when fish fed on NSF and CEFF and only satiation ration on CMFF.

Key words: young cobia (Rachycentron canadum), ration level, feed type, growth, nitrogen budget

孙丽华,陈浩如,黄洪辉,黄良民,. 摄食水平和饵料种类对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及氮收支的影响[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2010, 29(4): 94-101.

SUN Li-hua,CHEN Hao-ru,HUANG Hong-hui,HUANG Liang-min,. Effects of ration level and feed type on growth and nitrogen budget of young cobia (Rachycentron canadum)[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2010, 29(4): 94-101.

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摄食水平和饵料种类对军曹鱼幼鱼生长及氮收支的影响

Effects of ration level and feed type on growth and nitrogen budget of young cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

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