8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素*

doi:10.11978/2022037

Abstract

Abstract:

Deep-water coral (DWC) skeletons record the fine changes in the environment where corals grow. However, the factors influencing the growth of DWCs in the South China Sea, evolutionary stages, and their responses to marine environmental changes are not well understood at present. In this paper, the chemical elements and U-Th ages of DWC skeletons in the Southwest sea area of Dongsha were determined and studied to reveal the development and evolution characteristics of DWCs since 8000 a BP and the factors controlling their growth. Major and trace elements and factor analysis of DWCs show that the growth and evolution of DWCs in the Southwest sea area of Dongsha are influenced by bottom current activity, primary productivity, and terrigenous materials. The evolution of DWCs can be divided into four stages according to U-Th age, Ⅰ: 8000~4500 a BP; Ⅱ: 4500~2500 a BP; Ⅲ: 2500~1200 a BP; Ⅳ: 1200 a BP till now. The drastic fluctuation of bottom current velocity, organic particulate matter, seawater temperature and heat content, and the supply of biogenic materials resulted in the development discontinuity of DWCs at 4500~2500 a BP. The strong bottom current activity, strong winter monsoon, and the supply of organic particulate matter affected the evolution stage and characteristics of DWCs in the southwest sea area of Dongsha. The results provide a new perspective for further exploring the influencing factors, development, and evolution characteristics of DWCs at ocean margins and their responses to ocean processes.

Key words: deep-water coral, U-Th age, evolution stage, Holocene, southwest sea area of Dongsha

ZHANG Bin, CHEN Zhong, XU Antao, WANG Xuesong, TIAN Yuhang, ZHANG Yingwei. Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023, 42(1): 98-113.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Major and trace elements contents of deep-water corals in the northern South China Sea"

序号	Ca	Mg	Mn	P	Ti	Li	B	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Sr	Y	Zr	Ba	Pb	Th	U
C2	0.39	0.60	0.45	82.39	0.41	0.69	37.55	0.60	0.10	0.82	0.96	11.42	0.27	3.04	8.46	0.22	0.01	16.75	0.41	0.001	4.37
C4-1	0.39	0.56	1.13	76.48	0.39	0.69	36.04	0.59	0.11	0.79	0.98	11.12	0.27	2.96	8.64	0.23	0.01	16.77	0.35	0.001	4.38
C4-2	0.39	0.59	1.19	77.98	0.43	0.70	37.98	0.60	0.10	0.80	0.99	11.24	0.28	5.08	8.64	0.22	0.01	17.02	0.49	0.001	4.47
C5	0.39	0.60	2.44	89.67	0.58	0.65	29.79	0.57	0.14	0.80	1.07	11.76	0.27	3.38	8.45	0.26	0.02	18.62	0.53	0.002	4.36
C7	0.39	0.62	0.96	133.1	0.63	0.69	35.21	0.66	0.11	1.05	1.09	11.83	0.42	4.35	8.44	0.31	0.02	19.51	0.53	0.002	4.24
C8-1	0.38	0.62	0.97	98.35	0.49	0.71	31.81	0.61	0.12	0.77	1.01	11.38	0.35	2.98	8.56	0.27	0.02	16.82	0.47	0.001	4.04
C8-2	0.38	0.59	0.58	70.49	0.38	0.68	25.33	0.49	0.09	0.62	1.00	11.71	0.24	2.45	8.82	0.24	0.01	17.28	0.35	0.001	4.48
C9	0.39	0.67	0.72	94.21	0.44	0.75	31.94	0.61	0.12	0.82	1.00	11.68	0.36	3.08	8.26	0.22	0.01	16.29	0.64	0.001	3.49
C10	0.39	0.58	0.73	73.19	0.38	0.68	28.07	0.52	0.13	0.67	1.01	12.47	0.32	3.16	8.62	0.23	0.01	16.99	0.43	0.001	4.27
C11	0.39	0.60	0.49	82.68	0.42	0.68	35.24	0.63	0.10	0.85	1.01	11.60	0.30	3.48	8.39	0.23	0.01	17.24	0.45	0.001	4.12
C12	0.38	0.56	0.53	91.14	0.45	0.65	32.58	0.64	0.10	0.83	1.01	11.69	0.36	3.22	8.73	0.27	0.01	17.21	0.56	0.001	4.65
C13	0.39	0.67	0.79	129.9	0.76	0.86	39.26	0.70	0.14	1.07	1.00	11.27	0.94	3.32	8.20	0.45	0.03	17.19	0.45	0.002	3.17
C14	0.39	0.55	0.95	114.2	0.77	0.63	31.61	0.73	0.11	0.94	1.10	12.19	0.58	5.54	8.37	0.47	0.03	17.84	0.6	0.003	3.6
C16	0.39	0.53	2.12	132.0	0.95	0.61	31.94	0.74	0.12	0.97	1.17	12.17	0.67	7.64	8.41	0.47	0.04	20.02	0.72	0.005	3.92
C17	0.40	0.58	23.54	69.35	1.19	0.57	16.74	0.49	0.86	381.2	2.40	145.4	14.27	4.28	8.07	0.32	0.04	14.58	0.44	0.006	3.73
C18	0.39	0.55	35.96	98.02	0.91	0.61	34.34	0.68	1.01	464.8	3.27	229	23.08	4.81	8.39	0.32	0.06	19.88	0.61	0.01	4.32
C19	0.38	0.57	13.95	113.4	0.76	0.63	51.15	0.90	0.37	168.6	1.87	92.59	9.08	6.68	8.51	0.33	0.03	17.19	1.18	0.003	4.43
最大值	0.40	0.67	35.96	133.1	1.19	0.86	51.15	0.90	1.01	464.8	3.27	229.0	23.08	7.64	8.82	0.47	0.06	20.02	1.18	0.01	4.65
最小值	0.38	0.53	0.45	69.35	0.38	0.57	16.74	0.49	0.09	0.62	0.96	11.12	0.24	2.45	8.07	0.22	0.01	14.58	0.35	0.001	3.17
平均值	0.39	0.59	5.15	95.68	0.61	0.68	33.33	0.63	0.23	60.38	1.29	37.09	3.06	4.09	8.47	0.30	0.02	17.48	0.54	0.002	4.12

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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样品编号	珊瑚类型	²³⁸U /(×10^-9, ±2σ)	²³⁰Th 年龄/(a BP, ±2σ)	来源
C2	石珊瑚	4578.4±6.2	1990±18	本文
C4-1	石珊瑚	4409.4 ±8.6	51±8	本文
C4-2	石珊瑚	4340.0±9.1	125±10	本文
C5	石珊瑚	4230. ±8.9	47±9	本文
C7	石珊瑚	4330.4±6.7	440±9	本文
C8-1	石珊瑚	4164.2±7.9	476±9	本文
C8-2	石珊瑚	4377.9±8.3	471±9	本文
C9	石珊瑚	4621.4 ±8.8	412±9	本文
C10	石珊瑚	4114.7±7.4	391±10	本文
C11	石珊瑚	4777.7 ±9.2	1122±9	本文
C12	石珊瑚	3735.5±7.1	2410±19	本文
C13	石珊瑚	3974.7 ±7.9	2435±23	本文
C14	石珊瑚	4555.4±9.2	370±9	本文
C16	石珊瑚	4207.6±6.4	180±11	本文
C17	石珊瑚	4270.6 ±7.1	4664±20	本文
C18	石珊瑚	4553.9±8.2	7610±26	本文
C19	石珊瑚	3873.0±6.3	2476±22	本文
C35	石珊瑚	4885.6±13.5	96±25	本文
C36	石珊瑚	4675.2±8.2	55±23	本文
C37	石珊瑚	4461.2±10.4	749±43	本文
C38	石珊瑚	4552.4±8.5	437±26	本文
SY067-9-3	柳珊瑚	25.6±0.1	1 010±237	黄恩清等, 2019
SY068-7-2	柳珊瑚	47.8±0.1	9387±3148	黄恩清等, 2019
SY075-16-2	石珊瑚	3799.7±8.5	718.0±44	黄恩清等, 2019
SY076-9	石珊瑚	3830.7±5.5	6154±94	黄恩清等, 2019

序号	Ca	Mg	Mn	P	Ti	Li	B	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Sr	Y	Zr	Ba	Pb	Th	U
Ca	1.00
Mg	0.02	1.00
Mn	0.21	-0.30	1.00
P	0.18	0.09	-0.07	1.00
Ti	0.53^*	-0.26	0.68^**	0.40	1.00
Li	-0.17	0.81^**	-0.52^*	0.18	-0.46	1.00
B	-0.37	0.06	-0.10	0.44	-0.20	0.30	1.00
Sc	-0.13	-0.18	0.13	0.75^**	0.32	-0.05	0.78^**	1.00
V	0.29	-0.24	0.98^**	-0.12	0.71^**	-0.50^*	-0.22	0.02	1.00
Cr	0.24	-0.27	0.99^**	-0.12	0.70^**	-0.52^*	-0.18	0.06	0.99^**	1.00
Co	0.22	-0.32	0.99^**	-0.02	0.70^**	-0.54^*	-0.09	0.16	0.98^**	0.99^**	1.00
Ni	0.18	-0.29	0.99^**	-0.07	0.66^**	-0.50^*	-0.08	0.13	0.98^**	0.99^**	0.99^**	1.00
Cu	0.19	-0.28	0.99^**	-0.05	0.67^**	-0.49^*	-0.07	0.15	0.98^**	0.99^**	0.99^**	1.00^**	1.00
Zn	0.27	-0.52^*	0.30	0.55^*	0.62^**	-0.50^*	0.32	0.71^**	0.23	0.26	0.33	0.28	0.29	1.00
Sr	-0.68^**	-0.35	-0.37	-0.32	-0.69^**	-0.02	0.15	-0.15	-0.45	-0.42	-0.38	-0.36	-0.37	-0.23	1.00
Y	0.33	-0.21	0.13	0.76^**	0.71^**	-0.08	0.06	0.57^*	0.13	0.12	0.17	0.12	0.14	0.64^**	-0.45	1.00
Zr	0.36	-0.27	0.81^**	0.47	0.88^**	-0.36	0.04	0.46	0.79^**	0.78^**	0.84^**	0.81^**	0.82^**	0.59^*	-0.54^*	0.65^**	1.00
Ba	0.15	-0.34	0.09	0.61^**	0.15	-0.16	0.25	0.41	-0.01	-0.01	0.13	0.08	0.09	0.45	0.13	0.38	0.41	1.00
Pb	-0.18	-0.22	0.28	0.49^*	0.36	-0.30	0.59^*	0.84^**	0.18	0.23	0.31	0.28	0.29	0.72^**	-0.12	0.34	0.42	0.24	1.00
Th	0.41	-0.42	0.90^**	0.20	0.82^**	-0.55	-0.15	0.23	0.88^**	0.88^**	0.92^**	0.89^**	0.90^**	0.51^*	-0.45	0.45	0.94^**	0.38	0.28	1.00
U	-0.43	-0.52^*	0.03	-0.42	-0.43	-0.40	0.16	-0.12	-0.05	-0.01	0.02	0.04	0.02	-0.07	0.78^**	-0.58^*	-0.30	0.18	0.03	-0.12	1.00

Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*

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Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP*

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Evolution characteristics and controlling factors of deep-water corals in the southwest Dongsha Sea area since 8000 a BP^*