Copyright Statement

1. Full Journal Copyright & Licensing Statement

Journal of Tropical Oceanography (ISSN: 1009-5470, CN: 44-1500/P,  sponsored by South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) adheres to the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China and international open access publishing standards.

All original copyrights of published articles are retained by the respective authors. Authors only grant the journal  first publication right. The editorial office  imposes no restrictions on the legitimate academic use of authors’ research achievements.

This journal adopts an immediate Open Access publishing model, with all articles made freely available worldwide under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Any individual or organization may freely reproduce, distribute, republish, adapt, and reuse the full text without prior written permission from the editorial office or authors, provided that the original author(s), article title, source journal "Journal of Tropical Oceanography," publication year, volume, issue, page numbers/DOI, and other required information are properly credited in accordance with the CC BY 4.0 license.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to self-archive their accepted manuscripts and final published versions in personal academic pages, institutional repositories and public open repositories without embargo. Submitting authors guarantee that their works are original, free from duplicate submission, confidentiality issues and third-party intellectual property infringement. All legal liabilities arising from copyright violations shall be borne solely by the authors.

The editorial office holds only non-exclusive rights for initial publication, editorial processing, online distribution and academic database indexing. No commercial sub-licensing is allowed without explicit written authorization from the authors.

2. Short Article Footer Statement

All authors retain the copyright of this article. This open-access article is published under a CC BY 4.0 International License, allowing unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium with proper attribution to the original publication.