南海岛礁蒸散发量和降雨入渗量模拟研究

doi:10.11978/2023192

Abstract

Abstract:

Evapotranspiration and soil infiltration, as the basic links in the rainfall water cycle, play an extremely important role in regional hydrological characteristics and water resource utilization. This study takes the Zhaoshu Island as the study area to estimate the potential evapotranspiration in vegetation areas and the actual evaporation in non-vegetation areas based on PM (Penman-Monteith) formula and SEBAL (surface energy balance algorithm for land) formula, respectively, construct a BP(back propagation) neural network model to simulate the potential evapotranspiration in vegetation areas and the actual evaporation in non-vegetation areas of the island, and simulate rainfall infiltration in beaches and bare soil based on the Kostiakov infiltration model and characteristics of precipitation infiltration process. The results show that the determination coefficients (R²) of the two evapotranspiration simulation models are higher than 0.85, and the model efficiency index (EF) are higher than 0.85. The average daily evapotranspiration of each land cover types on the Zhaoshu Island is the highest in May and the lowest in December of a year. The monthly change of potential evapotranspiration in the vegetation area is the most obvious. In areas with high soil sand content, the R² of the Kostiakov infiltration model is generally larger than 0.85. The steady infiltration rate of soil in the Zhaoshu Island is about 0.33 cm·min^-1. Multi-year rainfall data shows that the rainfall intensity in the study area is basically less than the steady infiltration rate, so the rainfall to the ground basically all infiltrates, and the rainfall infiltration in the dry season and the rainy season is significantly different. This study provides a feasible solution for the simulation of evapotranspiration and rainfall infiltration in the South China Sea islands where there is a lack of measured data, and provides data support for the construction of the island precipitation cycle.

Key words: evapotranspiration, BP neural network, infiltration model, rainfall infiltration

CLC Number:

P426.2

ZHAO Yongzhu, YAN Jinfeng, LIU Bei, ZHU Jiang. Simulation study of the evapotranspiration and rainfall infiltration of islands and reefs in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024, 43(6): 37-49.

Figures/Tables 14

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig.1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Empirical parameters of the Kostiakov model"

数据来源	Kostiakov模型		结束时间/min	备注
数据来源	$a$	$b$	结束时间/min	备注
Duan等 (2011)	0.669 1	0.278 9	无相关信息	模拟入渗速率
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(1)	1.386 8	0.781	208	模拟累积入渗量
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(2)	1.559 6	0.784	208	模拟累积入渗量
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(3)	1.517 1	0.785	208	模拟累积入渗量
Bi等 (2014)	1.159	0.588	60~90	模拟入渗速率
Ahaneku等 (2015) 实验(1)	1.318	0.542	150	模拟累积入渗量
Ahaneku等 (2015) 实验(2)	1.013	0.662	150	模拟累积入渗量
Khalid等 (2018)	0.6	0.024	>40	模拟入渗速率
Yang等 (2022)	2.702	0.825	25	模拟累积入渗量

Tab. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

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土层深度/cm	砂粒(0.05~2mm)含量/%	粉粒(0.002~0.05mm)含量/%	黏粒(<0.002mm)含量/%	参考文献
0~20	93.3	5.7	0.9	王瑞等(2011)
20~50	97.6	0.8	1.6	王瑞等(2011)
0~25	98.74	1.26	0	韩生生等(2021)
25~40	99.05	0.95	0
40~240	100	0	0
0~20	71.9	25	3.1	杨安富等(2022)
20~30	77.5	18.3	4.2
30~100	98.8	0.8	0.4

风速区间/(mm·s^-1)	风力等级	量化值
0~0.2	0	0
0.3~1.5	1	1
1.6~3.3	2	2
3.4~5.4	3	3
5.5~7.9	4	4
8~10.7	5	5
10.8~13.8	6	6

云量区间/%	天气情况	天气类型指数
0~20	雨天	0.1
20~40	阴天	0.3
40~60	多云	0.5
60~80	晴转多云	0.7
80~100	晴天	0.9

来源	砂粒/%	粉粒/%	黏粒/%	容重/(g·cm^-3)	备注
本研究	>95	<5		1.3
Duan等 (2011)	94	4	2	无相关信息
Ogbe等 (2011)实验(1)	88	3.4	8.6	1.46	0~15cm
Ogbe等 (2011)实验(1)	90	3.4	6.6	1.43	15~30cm
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(2)	90	1.4	8.6	1.74	0~15cm
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(2)	92	1.4	6.6	1.75	15~30cm
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(3)	88	1.4	10.6	1.41	0~15cm
Ogbe等 (2011) 实验(3)	92	1.4	6.6	1.46	15~30cm
Bi等 (2014)	90	7	3	1.58
Ahaneku等 (2015) 实验(1)	87.1	9	3.9	1.6
Ahaneku等 (2015) 实验(2)	87.2	8.6	4.2	1.55
Khalid等 (2018)	90	7	3	无相关信息
Yang等 (2022)	90.33	2.66	7.01	无相关信息

时间	总降雨量/m³	雨强/(cm·min^-1)	沙滩入渗量/m³	裸土入渗量/m³
0~3h	2304.12	0.004	223.35	354.32
3~6h	35137.83	0.068	3406.06	5403.42
6~9h	2304.12	0.004	223.35	354.32
9~24h	0	0	0	0

Simulation study of the evapotranspiration and rainfall infiltration of islands and reefs in the South China Sea

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时间	地类	平均气温	最低气温	最高气温	风力等级	降水量
旱季	不透水面	0.599^*	0.491^*	0.656^*	-0.694^*	-0.277^*
	裸土	0.600^*	0.500^*	0.654^*	-0.649^*	-0.223^*
	植被	0.417^*	0.366^*	0.472^*	-0.469^*	-0.326^*
雨季	不透水面	0.642^*	0.609^*	0.582^*	-0.414^*	-0.423^*
	裸土	0.668^*	0.663^*	0.570^*	-0.284^*	-0.421^*
	植被	0.574^*	0.634^*	0.422^*	-0.010	-0.418^*