莺歌海盆地海底麻坑的形成与泥底辟发育和流体活动的关系*

doi:10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.05.005

Abstract

Abstract: Pockmarks, as a sign of gas and fluid seepage on the seafloor, are widely distributed around the center depression and Yingdong Slope area of the Yinggehai Basin. The area of a single pockmark may range from 24×26 to 5×8 m², its depth may be between 0.5 and 6.7 m, and its shape is approximately circular or elliptical, with a few of them being long strips. The largest one is 300×580 m², and its depth is 117 m. The pockmark formation correlates with the multiple-stage activity of mud diapirs and the upward migration and eruption of free gases and fluids from the gas reservoir. The pockmarks are usually accompanied with the formation of mud volcano. Paleo-pockmarks (the buried pockmarks) have been discovered along seismic profiles, which indicates that the free gas and the fluid eruption took place in a historical period. The two times of pockmark activity in an identical seepage channel show that the upward intrusion of mud diapir took place intermittently. According to the depth of pockmarks, it is estimated that a 16- to 94-m-thick free gas layer upward venting in the deep gas reservoir is needed to form a 0.5- to 6.7-m-deep pockmark in the Yinggehai Basin.

Key words: pockmark, mud diapir, Yinggehai Basin, free gas seepage

CLC Number:

P618.13

DI Peng-fei,HUANG Hua-gu,HUANG Bao-jia,HE Jia-xiong,CHEN Duo-fu,. Seabed pockmark formation associated with mud diapir development and fluid activities in the Yinggehai Basin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2012, 31(5): 26-36.

References

[1] KING L H, MACLEAN B. Pockmarks on the Scotian Shelf [J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1970, 81: 3141-3148.
[2] HOVLAND M. Characteristics of pockmarks in the Norwegian Trench [J]. Marine Geology, 1981, 39: 103?117.
[3] HOVLAND M, JUDD A G, KING L H. Characteristic features of pockmarks on the North-Sea floor and Scotian Shelf [J]. Sedimentology, 1984, 31: 471?480.
[4] HOVLAND M, GALLAGHER J, CLENNELL M B, et al. Gas hydrate and free gas volumes in marine sediments: Example from the Niger Delta front [J]. Mar Pet Geol, 1997, 14 (3): 245-255.
[5] HOVLAND M, SVENSEN H, FORSBERG C F, et al. Complex pockmarks with carbonate-ridges off mid-Norway: Products of sediment degassing [J]. Mar Geol, 2005, 218: 191-206.
[6] HOVLAND M, JUDD A G. In Seabed pockmarks and see-pages [M]. London: Graham and Trotman, 1988: 293.
[7] GAY A, LOPEZ M, COCHONAT P, et al. Sinuous pockmark belt as indicator of a shallow buried turbiditic channel on the lower slope of the Congo Basin, West African Margin [M] // VAN RENSBERGEN P, HILLIS, R R, MALTMAN A J, et al. Subsurface sediment mobilization. London: Geological Society of London, 2003: 173-189.
[8] FOSSUM B A, MAISEY G H, TORSEN H O. Marine geophysical research in the Weddell Sea during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition 1976?1977[M] // CRADDOCK C. Antarctic geoscience. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982: 397-404.
[9] PILCHER R, ARGENT J. Mega-pockmarks and linear pockmark trains on the West African continental margin [J]. Mar Geol, 2007, 244:15-32.
[10] SAHLING, H, G. BOHRMANN, GERHARD, S V, et al. Pockmarks in the Northern Congo Fan area, SW Africa: Complex seafloor features shaped by fluid flow[J]. Marine Geology, 2008, 249(3-4): 206?225.
[11] PAULL C K, USSLER III W, MAHER N, et al. Pockmarks off Big Sur, California [J]. Mar Geol, 2002, 181: 323?335.
[12] NELSON H, THOR D R, SANDSTROM M W, et al. Modern biogenic gas-generated craters (sea-floor pockmarks) on the Bering Shelf, Alaska [J]. Geol Soc Am Bull, 1979, 90: 1144-1152.
[13] SCHMUCK E A, PAULL C K. Evidence for gas accumulation associated with diapirism and gas hydrates at the head of the Cape Fear Slide [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 1993, 13:145?152.
[14] TAYLOR M H, DILLON W P, PECHER I A, Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir: new insights from seismic data [J]. Marine Geology, 2000, 164: 79?89.
[15] EICHEHUBL P, GREENE H G, NAEHR T, et al. Structural control of fluid flow: offshore fluid seepage in the Santa Barbara Basin, California[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2000, 69/70: 545?549.
[16] DIMITROV L I, WOODSIDE J. Deep sea pockmarks environments in the eastern Dimitrov L I. Mud volcanoes—the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments [J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2002, 59: 49?76.
[17] ?IFCI G, DERMAN D, MUSTAFA E. Deep and shallow structures of large pockmarks in the Turkish shelf, Eastern Black Sea [J]. Geo-Mar Lett, 2003, 23(3) : 311?322.
[18] GAY A, M LOPEZ, COCHONAT P, et al. Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked to BSRs, fluid chimneys, polygonal faults and stacked Oligocene-Miocene turbiditic paleochannels in the Lower Congo Basin [J]. Marine Geology, 2006, 226(1-2): 25?40.
[19] SOLHEIM A, ELVERHOI A. Gas-related sea floor craters in the Barents Sea [J]. Geo-Mar Lett, 1993,13:235-243.
[20] COLE D, STEWART S A, CARTWRIGHT J A. Giant irregular pockmark craters in the Palaeogene of the Outer Moray Firth Basin, UK North Sea [J]. Mar Petrol Geol, 2000, 17: 563-577.
[21] CATHLES L M, SU ZHENG, CHEN DUOFU, et al. The physics of gas chimney and pockmark formation, with implications for assessment of seafloor hazards and gas sequestration [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2010, 27(1): 82?91.
[22] 苏正, 曹运诚, 吴能友, 等. 水合物层下伏游离气渗漏过程的数值模拟及实例分析[J].地球物理学报, 2009, 52(12) : 3124-3131.
[23] SCANLON K M, KNEBEL H J. Pockmarks in the floor of Penobscot Bay [J]. Maine Geo-Mar Lett, 1989, 9: 53-58.
[24] KHANDRICHE A, WERNER F. Freshwater induced pockmarks in Bay of Eckernfoerde, Western Baltic[C] // MOJSKI J E. Proc 3rd Marine Geological Conf, The Baltic. Warzawa: Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 1995: 155-164.
[25] HARRINGTON P K. Formation of pockmarks by pore-water escape [J]. Geo-Mar Lett, 1985, 5: 193-197.
[26] HOVLAND M, J V GARDNER, JUDDA. The significance of pockmarks to understanding fluid flow processes and geohazards [J]. Geofluids, 2002, 2(2): 127?136.
[27] HOVLAND M, TALBOT M R, QUALE H, et al. Methane-related carbonate cements in pockmarks of the North Sea [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1987, 57: 881-92.
[28] JUDD A G, HOVLAND M, DIMITROV L I, et al. The geological methane budget at continental margins and its influence on climate change [J]. Geofluids, 2002, 2:109-126.
[29] 张启明, 刘福宁, 杨计海. 莺歌海盆地超压体系与油气聚集[J]. 中国海上油气: 地质, 1996, 10(2): 65?75.
[30] HUANG, B J, XIAO, X M, LI, X X. Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins, Offshore South China Sea [J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2003, 34: 1009-1025.
[31] HUANG BJ, XIAO X M, LI, X X. .Geochemistry, origin, and accumulation of CO2 in natural gases of the Yinggehai Basin, offshore South China Sea [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2004, 88 (9): 1277?1293.
[32] 金博, 刘震, 李绪深. 莺歌海盆地泥-流体底辟树型输导系统及运移模式[J].地质科学, 2008, 43 (4): 810-823.
[33] 谢习农, 李思田, 胡祥云, 等.莺歌海盆地底辟带热流体输导系统及其成因机制[J]. 中国科学, 1999, 29(3) : 247-256.
[34] 李列, 宋海斌, 杨计海. 莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带海底天然气渗漏系统初探[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2006, 21(4): 1244?1247.
[35] HUANG B J, XIAO X M, Li X S, et al. Spatial distribution and geochemistry of the nearshore gas seepages and their implications to natural gas migration in the Yinggehai Basin, offshore South China Sea [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2009, 26(6): 928-935.
[36] CURZI P V, VEGGIANI A. I pockmarks nel mare Adriatico centrale [J]. Acta Naturalia de “L’ Ateneo Parmense’’, 1985, 21: 9-90.
[37] BARAZA J, ERCILLA G. Gas-charged sediments and large pockmark-like features on the Gulf of Cadiz slope (SW Spain)[J]. Mar Petrol Geol, 1996, 13: 253-261.
[38] 何家雄, 刘海龄, 姚永坚, 等. 南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2008: 70?83.
[39] HUANG B J, XIAO X M, HU Z L, et al. Geochemistry and episodic accumulation of natural gases from the Ledong gas field in the Yinggehai Basin, offshore South China Sea [J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2005, 36(12): 1689?1702.
[40] WANG ZHENFENG, HUANG BAOJIA. Dongfang 1-1 gas field in the mud diapir belt of the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea [J]. Mar Petrol Geol, 2008, 25(4?5): 445-455.
[41] JUDD A, HOVLAND M. Seabed Fluid Flow[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007: 475.
[42] 邓继新, 史衙, 刘瑞殉, 等. 泥岩、页岩声速各向异性及其影响因素分[J]. 地球物理学报, 2004, 47(5) : 862?868.
[43] CATHLES, L M. Changes in sub-water table fluid flow at the end of the Proterozoic and its implications for gas pulsars and MVT lead-zinc deposits [J]. Geofluids, 2007, 7 (2): 209-226.
[44] 王欢, 王琪, 张功成, 等. 琼东南盆地梅山组泥岩盖层封闭性综合评价[J]. 地球科学与环境科学, 2011, 33(2): 152?158.
[45] 杨计海, 易平, 黄保家. 莺歌海盆地生物气成藏特征[J].天然气工业, 2005, 25(10) : 14.

Seabed pockmark formation associated with mud diapir development and fluid activities in the Yinggehai Basin of the South China Sea

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 2

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	WANG Ling, WANG Bin, LI Jian, YU Kaiqi, ZHAO Fang. Morphology characteristics and formation mechanisms of submarine pockmarks in the northern Zhongjiannan Basin, South China Sea [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(5): 72-84.
[2]	Tiantian SUN, Daidai WU, Mengdi PAN, Fei YANG, Nengyou WU, Xuegang CHENG, Lihua LIU. Geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Southern Qiongdongnan Basin of the northern South China Sea and its implication for sedimentary environment^* [J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(4): 70-80.