Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Distribution of planktonic ostracods and its influencing factors during summer and winter in the northwestern coastal waters of South China Sea
Received date: 2019-05-20
Request revised date: 2019-07-13
Online published: 2020-03-10
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41576125)
Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2017FY201404)
Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province of China(2018B030320005)
Copyright
Marine planktonic ostracods are small crustaceans with a wide distribution, playing an important role in ocean carbon cycle. The ostracods in smaller size are usually underestimated when marine zooplankton samples were collected with 505 μm mesh. Based on the zooplankton samples collected with 505 and 160 μm meshes in the northern South China Sea from July to August 2006 (summer) and from December 2006 to January 2007 (winter), the capture efficiency for the ostracods using two planktonic mesh sizes was compared, and the community structure and the influence of environmental factors on their distributions were analyzed. We found that the abundance of ostracods obtained by the 160 μm mesh net was six times that by the 505 μm net in summer. The community structure of planktonic ostracods collected by the 160 μm mesh was analyzed with the following findings. 1) The species richness of planktonic ostracods of a total of 32 species was identified to increase from nearshore to offshore, and the difference between the areas with water depth shallower and deeper than 100 m was extremely significant (p<0.01). 2) The abundance of planktonic ostracods was higher in summer, when the high abundance area appeared mainly in the coastal waters of the Leizhou Peninsula and northeast Hainan Island higher than that in offshore significantly (p<0.05), and lower in winter, when the distribution of ostracods abundance was homogeneous. 3) Euconchoecia aculeata, dominant species, contributed the most to high abundance in the nearshore. 4) The species richness of ostracods was positively correlated with temperature and water depth; and the abundance was negatively correlated with temperature and salinity, and positively correlated with chlorophyll α concentration. Qiongdong coastal upwelling and Yuexi Coastal Current boosted the abundance of planktonic ostracods up to 1252 ind·m -3 in the coastal waters of the Leizhou Peninsula and northeast Hainan Island. Results suggest that smaller mesh net should be used for the overall assessment of community characteristics of planktonic ostracods.
LIAO Tongchen , YIN Jianqiang , LI Kaizhi , TAN Yehui . Distribution of planktonic ostracods and its influencing factors during summer and winter in the northwestern coastal waters of South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020 , 39(2) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.11978/2019050
表1 夏冬季南海西北部160μm和505μm网目孔径采集的浮游介形类种数、平均丰度和优势种比较Tab. 1 Comparison of species richness, abundance and dominant species of pelagic ostracods by 160 and 505 μm mesh sizes in the northwestern South China Sea |
夏季 | 冬季 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
160μm | 505μm | 160μm | 505μm | |
种数 | 29 | 28 | 31 | 23 |
平均丰度/(个·m-3) | 59.97±181.82 | 7.14±10.12 | 9.89±12.80 | 1.97±2.46 |
针刺真浮萤 | 49.58±179.88 (0.59) | 2.31±7.72 (0.09) | 6.95±12.54 (0.58) | 0.77±1.90 (0.18) |
后圆真浮萤 | 3.48±6.70 (0.03) | 1.73±3.33 (0.14) | 1.28±3.08 (0.07) | 0.62±1.30 (0.17) |
同心假浮萤 | 2.67±5.57 (0.03) | 1.23±2.03 (0.14) | - | 0.09±0.27 (0.01) |
尖突海萤 | - | 0.89±4.09 (0.03) | - | - |
齿形海萤 | - | - | - | 0.15±0.60 (0.01) |
注: 括号内为优势种丰度的优势度;“-”表示种类在对应的季节和网型中不是优势种 |
图3 南海西北部夏冬季160μm和505μm网目孔径采集浮游介形类丰度对比*表示p<0.05, 差异显著; **表示p<0.01, 差异极显著 Fig. 3 Comparison of sampling abundance between 160 and 505 μm meshes in the northwestern South China Sea. * represents p<0.05 and significant difference; ** represents p<0.01 and extremely significant difference |
图4 浮游介形类平均种数(a)和平均丰度(b)变化*表示 p<0.05, 差异显著; **表示 p<0.01, 差异极显著; N.S表示差异不显著 Fig. 4 Variations of mean species richness (a) and abundance (b) of pelagic ostracods. * represents p<0.05 and significant difference; ** represents p<0.01 and extremely significant difference; N.S represents no significance |
图5 夏冬季浮游介形类香农-威纳指数(a)和均匀度指数(b)的区域对比*表示 p<0.05, 差异显著; **表示 p<0.01, 差异极显著 Fig. 5 Comparison of Shannon-wiener index (a) and evenness index (b) of pelagic ostracods. * represents p<0.05 and significant difference; ** represents p<0.01 and extremely significant difference |
图8 优势种丰度的季节变化a. 针刺真浮萤; b. 后圆真浮萤; c. 同心假浮萤; d. 其他种类。*表示 p<0.05, 差异显著; **表示 p<0.01, 差异极显著; N.S表示差异不显著 Fig. 8 Variations of dominant and other species abundances in summer and winter. (a) Euconchoecia aculeata; (b) Euconchoecia maimai; (c) Pseudoconchoecia concentrica; and (d) other species. * represents p<0.05 and significant difference; ** represents p<0.01 and extremely significant difference; N.S represents no significance |
表2 南海西北部环境因子PCA主要计算结果Tab. 2 The main calculated results of environmental PCA in the northwestern continental shelf of the South China Sea |
夏季 | 冬季 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC1 | PC2 | |
贡献率 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 0.22 |
累计贡献率 | 0.36 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 0.76 |
温度 | 0.53 | -0.27 | 0.51 | -0.13 |
盐度 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.49 | -0.02 |
叶绿素a浓度 | -0.53 | 0.02 | -0.48 | 0.13 |
经度 | 0.10 | -0.77 | -0.05 | -0.85 |
纬度 | -0.46 | -0.53 | -0.47 | -0.36 |
水深 | 0.40 | -0.12 | 0.21 | -0.35 |
图9 夏季(a)和冬季(b)浮游介形类群落结构PCA结果Fig. 9 PCA result of pelagic ostracods. (a) summer, and (b) winter |
表3 夏冬季浮游介形类和环境因子的Pearson相关系数rTab. 3 Pearson correlation coefficients r, between pelagic ostracods and environmental factors |
温度 | 盐度 | 水深 | 叶绿素a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
夏 季 | 丰度 | -0.33** | -0.37** | -0.12 | 0.39** |
种数 | 0.69** | 0.11 | 0.48** | -0.41** | |
H' | 0.66** | 0.17 | 0.48** | -0.41** | |
J | 0.37** | 0.23* | 0.27* | -0.25* | |
针刺真浮萤丰度 | -0.32** | -0.40** | -0.12 | 0.25* | |
后圆真浮萤丰度 | -0.26* | 0.05 | -0.15 | 0.18 | |
同心假浮萤丰度 | -0.34** | -0.31** | -0.16 | 0.45** | |
其他种类丰度 | 0.26* | -0.02 | 0.06 | -0.23* | |
冬 季 | 丰度 | -0.46** | -0.32** | -0.05 | 0.36** |
种数 | 0.47** | 0.16 | 0.70** | -0.31** | |
H' | 0.51** | 0.23* | 0.60** | -0.33** | |
J | 0.38** | 0.27* | 0.25* | -0.27* | |
针刺真浮萤丰度 | -0.60** | -0.44** | -0.15 | 0.50** | |
后圆真浮萤丰度 | 0.17 | 0.19 | -0.05 | -0.18 | |
同心假浮萤丰度 | 0.25* | 0.09 | 0.03 | -0.17 | |
其他种类丰度 | 0.14 | -0.02 | 0.41** | -0.05 |
注: *表示p<0.05, 相关性显著; **表示p<0.01, 相关性极显著 |
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