Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Seasonal variability of submesoscale flows in the Kuroshio Extension
Received date: 2019-12-13
Request revised date: 2020-04-04
Online published: 2020-04-07
Supported by
Original Innovation Project of Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-DQC011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(92058201)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776040)
Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, CAS(ISEE2018PY05)
Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(OCFL-201804)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(201904010420)
Copyright
Recent field observations and theoretical analysis have revealed that submesoscale activities are ubiquitous in the upper ocean, and that their formation is closely related to frontogenesis and mixed layer instability. Based on high-resolution numerical simulations and diagnostic analysis, we investigate the seasonal variability of submesoscale activities in the upper ocean of the Kuroshio Extension. The results suggest that the submesoscale behaviors in the Kuroshio Extension have significant seasonal variation. Although the mesoscale eddy energy of the Kuroshio Extension is weak in winter, the submesoscale activities are the most active on the seasonal scale, which is likely due to the contribution of the mixed layer baroclinic instabilities in the upper ocean. The mixed layer is shallow in summer with weak submesoscale activities, but the mesoscale eddies are active. The diagnosis of frontal tendency suggests that the frontogenesis caused by the deformation of mesoscale flows be the main contributor to the submesoscale activities in summer. Also, the energy transformation from mesoscale to submesoscale has significant seasonal variation with the conversion rates of available potential energy and kinetic energy in winter much higher than those in summer, which contributes to richer submesoscale activities in winter than in summer. These results can improve our understanding of the seasonal variation of submesoscale activities and their dynamical mechanisms in the Kuroshio Extension.
Key words: Kuroshio Extension; submesoscale flows; seasonal variation; frontogenesis
LUO Shihao , JING Zhiyou , YAN Tong , ZHENG Ruixi , CAO Haijin , QI Yiquan . Seasonal variability of submesoscale flows in the Kuroshio Extension[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021 , 40(1) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.11978/2019140
图6 垂向涡度-流场拉伸(a、b)以及垂向涡度-地转涡度(c、d)的联合概率密度对数分布图a、c是冬季(1—3月)的结果, 图b、d为夏季(7—9月)的结果。图a、b中的黑色虚线为$S t=|\zeta| / f $, 表示流场特征以锋面结构为主; 图c、d中的黑色虚线为$\zeta=\zeta_{\mathrm{g}}$, 表示流场特性以地转为主 Fig. 6 Joint probability distributions of vertical vorticity $\zeta $ versus straining rate St (a and b), and vertical vorticity $\zeta $ versus vorticity deduced from sea surface height $\zeta_{\mathrm{g}}=\frac{g}{f} \nabla^{2} \mathrm{SSH} $ (c and d) |
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