Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
In situ feeding differences between adults and juveniles of chaetognath (Flaccisagitta enflata) in Sanya Bay
Received date: 2019-09-20
Request revised date: 2019-12-06
Online published: 2020-05-19
Supported by
The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA13020100)
National Key Research and Development Project of China(2016YFC0502800)
National Key Research and Development Project of China(2017YFC0506302)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China(2017B0303014052)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41806188)
Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISEE2018PY01)
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Chaetognatha is often the most abundant carnivorous zooplankton, and a vital food source for pelagic fish in marine ecosystem. However, their survival strategy of maintaining population structure in tropical coastal waters remains unclear. In this study, molecular method was applied to compare the field diet of juveniles and adults of dominant chaetognath species Flaccisagitta enflata in Sanya Bay. We discuss the nutritional strategies of chaetognaths maintaining substantial population structure from the perspective of resource utilization. The results show that there were 21 and 19 species fed by juveniles and adults, respectively. Copepods, small jellyfish, diatoms, and polychaets were common food groups of both juveniles and adults. Food preferences differed significantly between the juveniles and adults. Small jellyfish made up 59% of the whole diet composition in adults, while copepods became the most abundant food items (60%) in juveniles. The trophic niche of juveniles (5.16) was higher than that of adults (2.89), and trophic overlap between them was low (0.21), suggesting that chaetognaths have obvious dietary shifts during different growth stages. These results reveal that even though adults and juveniles coexist in the same region with large numbers, they can reduce food competition by feeding differentiation. This feeding strategy is of great significance for maxillary species to ensure juvenile survival and maintain substantial population structure.
WANG Lingli , HU Simin , GUO Minglan , LI Tao , WANG Youjun , HUANG Hui , LIU Sheng . In situ feeding differences between adults and juveniles of chaetognath (Flaccisagitta enflata) in Sanya Bay[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2020 , 39(3) : 57 -65 . DOI: 10.11978/2019092
表1 肥胖软箭虫的克隆序列信息表Tab. 1 Diversity indices of prey organisms in the Flaccisagitta enflata samples analyzed |
样品名称 | 克隆数 | OTU数 | Chao1 | 香农多样性指数H’ |
---|---|---|---|---|
W3-Jul-a | 55 | 6 | 16 | 0.45 |
W4-Jul-a | 30 | 7 | 8.5 | 1.55 |
W9-Jul-a | 38 | 9 | 16.5 | 1.46 |
合计 | 123 | 19 | 35.5 | 0.65 |
W3-Jul-j | 36 | 10 | 13.33 | 1.60 |
W4-Jul-j | 31 | 8 | 11.33 | 1.15 |
W9-Jul-j | 47 | 10 | 11 | 1.75 |
合计 | 114 | 21 | 32.25 | 2.19 |
注: W3、W4和W9表示站位; Jul表示7月; a表示肥胖软箭虫成体, j表示肥胖软箭虫幼体; 测序样品中成体包含30只肥胖软箭虫, 幼体包含100只肥胖软箭虫。 |
图3 肥胖软箭虫成体与幼体消化道内含物18SrDNA序列组成及其与Genbank中匹配的相似序列所构建的ML(maximum likelihood)进化树 进化树仅显示拓扑结构并以大鼠(Rat sp.)的18S rDNA序列作为外群, 分支处基于1000次重复自举值, 不同宽度的分支代表不同的值, 进化树分支中不同符号的序列标签代表不同站点的样品; 热图值代表样品中食物种类克隆数所占比例 Fig. 3 Composition and Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of 18S rDNA sequences retrieved from supplied food samples used in Flaccisagitta enflata adults and juveniles diet analysis. Tree is rooted with Rat sp. (M11188.1). Shown at nodes are bootstrap confidence values based on 1000 replicates, and branch thickness depicts the strength of bootstrap support of the corresponding node. The stations of the sample are denoted by different symbols. The thermogram value represents the proportion of food species clones in the sample |
图4 肥胖软箭虫成体与幼体食物来源的二分食物网上层表示不同生长阶段的肥胖软箭虫, 下层代表肥胖软箭虫在OTU水平上的食物来源, 上层与下层的每个连接表示最少一次检测到的摄食事件, 连接的宽度表示检测到的频数, 宽度越宽表示频数越高 Fig. 4 Bipartite networks depicting the main dietary complementary and overlaps of chaetognath adults and juveniles. The upper layer represents Flaccisagitta enflata at different growth stages, and the lower layer represents the food source of F. enfalta at OTU level. Each connection between the upper layer and lower layer represents at least one detected feeding event. The width of the lower layer represents the frequency detected, and wider width represents higher frequency |
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