Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea*
Copy editor: YIN Bo
Received date: 2020-06-13
Request revised date: 2020-08-02
Online published: 2020-08-09
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971432)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976112)
Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0401)
Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY201404)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA11020200)
Copyright
Based on the vertically stratified sampling of zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) in March and September 2016, the seasonal and vertical variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, and biomass were analyzed and compared to explore the factors affecting their differences. A total of 225 species of zooplankton was identified; 150 species appeared in March, and 169 species, in September. There were 132 species of copepods, followed by 18 species of chaetognaths and siphonophores, respectively. The number of zooplankton species was the highest in the 50 ~ 100 m water layer and generally decreased with the increase of water depth. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton were mainly concentrated in the range of 0 ~ 100 m, and both of them decreased with the increase of depth in the deeper water layer. However, above 60% of the biomass concentrated within the layers between 100 and 1000 m. The abundance of dominant species had obvious seasonal and vertical variation. In March, the abundance of coastal species such as Undinula vulgaris and Canthocalanus pauper was higher above the depth of 100 m. In September, the abundance of oceanic species such as Cosmocalanus darwinii and Lucicutia flavicornis was high in the upper layer of 100 m. Calanoides carinatus showed higher abundance and average body length in March than in September, and the larger body length appeared mainly in deep layers. The zooplankton community could be divided into three groups of 0 ~ 100 m, 100 ~ 400 m, and 400 ~ 1000 m, which was mainly caused by the differences in the composition and abundance of different water layers. Zooplankton abundance and biomass were significantly positively correlated with temperature and chlorophyll a concentration. The seasonal and vertical variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass were driven by monsoon, coastal currents, and mesoscale eddies in the continental slope of the northeastern SCS.
LI Kaizhi , REN Yuzheng , KE Zhixin , LI Gang , TAN Yehui . Vertical distributions of epipelagic and mesopelagic zooplankton in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021 , 40(2) : 61 -73 . DOI: 10.11978/2020061
表1 南海东北部陆坡区浮游动物各类群在3月和9月出现的种数及所占百分比Tab. 1 Species richness and percentage of zooplankton groups in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea in March and September |
类群 | 3月种数 | 9月种数 | 合计 | 百分比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
水螅水母类Hydromedusae | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1.78 |
管水母类Siphonophores | 7 | 15 | 18 | 8.00 |
栉水母类Ctenophores | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
浮游翼足类Pteropods | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2.22 |
浮游异足类Heteropods | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
介形类Ostracods | 10 | 12 | 17 | 7.56 |
哲水蚤类Calanoids | 75 | 69 | 97 | 43.11 |
剑水蚤类Cyclopoids | 24 | 22 | 31 | 13.78 |
猛水蚤类Harpacticoids | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1.78 |
端足类Amphipods | 2 | 5 | 7 | 3.11 |
磷虾类Euphausiacea | 3 | 7 | 7 | 3.11 |
十足类Decapods | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 |
毛颚类Chaetognaths | 12 | 15 | 18 | 8.00 |
有尾类Appendicularians | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 |
全肌目类Doliolids | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.89 |
半肌目类Salps | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.89 |
火体虫类Pyrosomatids | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.44 |
浮游幼虫Meroplankton | 4 | 5 | 6 | 2.67 |
合计 | 150 | 169 | 225 | 100 |
表2 南海东北部陆坡区3月和9月浮游动物优势种及优势度Tab. 2 Dominant species and their dominance in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea in March and September |
优势种 | 3月优势度 | 9月优势度 |
---|---|---|
隆线似哲水蚤Calanoides carinatus | 0.037 | 0.023 |
微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper | 0.018 | 0.004 |
达氏筛哲水蚤Cosmocalanus darwinii | 0.000 | 0.026 |
黄角光水蚤Lucicutia flavicornis | 0.001 | 0.028 |
痩乳点水蚤Pleuromamma gracilis | 0.004 | 0.029 |
普通波水蚤Undinula vulgaris | 0.087 | 0.003 |
中隆水蚤Oncaea media | 0.019 | 0.033 |
丽隆水蚤Oncaea venusta | 0.003 | 0.035 |
图7 南海东北部陆坡区3月和9月浮游动物优势种丰度的垂直分布a. 隆线似哲水蚤; b. 微刺哲水蚤; c. 达氏筛哲水蚤; d. 黄角光水蚤; e. 瘦乳点水蚤; f. 普通波水蚤; g. 中隆水蚤; h. 丽隆水蚤。各图内图形为该种的形态图 Fig. 7 Vertical distributions of abundance of dominant species in the continental slope of the northeastern South China Sea in March and September (a) Calanoides carinatus; (b) Canthocalanus paupe; (c) Cosmocalanus darwinii; (d) Lucicutia flavicorni; (e) Pleuromamma gracilis; (f) Undinula vulgaris; (g) Oncaea medi; (h) Oncaea venusta |
表3 浮游动物丰度和生物量与环境因子的相关性系数Tab. 3 Correlation coefficients between zooplankton abundance and biomass and environmental factors |
变量 | 丰度/(个·m-3) | 生物量/( mg·m-3) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
3月 | 9月 | 3月 | 9月 | |
温度/℃ | 0.855* | 0.867* | 0.841* | 0.909*** |
盐度/‰ | 0.834* | 0.302n.s. | 0.833* | 0.056n.s. |
叶绿素a质量浓度/(mg·m-3) | 0.877* | 0.757* | 0.931*** | 0.790* |
注: *表示p<0.05, 相关性显著; ***表示p<0.001, 相关性极显著; n.s.表示不相关 |
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