Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Characteristics and sources of organic matter in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary: Carbon storage implications
Copy editor: LIN Qiang
Received date: 2021-10-25
Revised date: 2021-12-16
Online published: 2021-12-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41890852)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1901221)
Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(GML2019ZD0405)
Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(202102021230)
Estuarine sediment, as an important carrier of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, is one of the main forms of organic matter occurrence. In this study, we analyzed total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, total nitrogen (TN) concentration, soluble organic matter excitation emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs), spatial differences and influencing factors in different areas. Carbon stable isotope (δ13C) was applied to estimate the contribution of sediment organic matter (SOM) in different regions of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). The results are as follows. (1) Spatial variations of TOC and TN concentrations are similar. The concentrations of SOM in the inner estuary and mixed areas are significantly higher than those in the estuary mouth. Principal component analysis results show that SOM concentrations in the inner estuary and the mixed area are mainly affected by river flow input, and those in the estuary mouth, by ferric iron. (2) MixSIAR results show that SOM in the inner estuary and the mixed zone is still mainly from terrestrial sources, and that in the estuary mouth is primarily from marine sources. (3) Newly produced organic matter in the sediments, which can be quickly utilized, is highly enriched in the PRE. Terrestrial input induced the higher humification degree of SOM in the inner estuary and mixed areas, which is conducive to organic carbon storage processes. In contrast, low storage capability was implicated in the estuary mouth, due to the influence of marine sources and iron oxide-organic matter complex. This makes it unfavorable for the storage of organic carbon in the PRE. This study provides a supplementary reference for further understanding the biogeochemical process of SOM and carbon storage in estuaries.
SHANG Bowen , WU Yunchao , JIANG Zhijian , LIU Songlin , HUANG Xiaoping . Characteristics and sources of organic matter in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary: Carbon storage implications[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022 , 41(3) : 16 -28 . DOI: 10.11978/2021142
表1 珠江口沉积物和底层水的环境参数Tab. 1 Environmental parameters of sediment and bottom water in the PRE |
区域 | 站位 | 深度/m | Mz/Φ | 粉砂/% | 黏土/% | Eh/mV | 盐度/‰ | DO/(mg·L-1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
夏季 | 冬季 | 夏季 | 冬季 | 夏季 | 冬季 | 夏季 | 冬季 | 夏季 | 冬季 | 夏季 | 冬季 | 夏季 | 冬季 | ||
口内区 | S1 | 14.0 | 7.1 | 62.0 | 29.7 | -167 | 20.4 | 6.92 | |||||||
S2 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 63.5 | 65.5 | 35.6 | 32.3 | -230 | -181 | 15.8 | 21.1 | 4.86 | 7.03 | |
S3 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 67.3 | 63.7 | 32.1 | 28.2 | -233 | -109 | 8.7 | 24.4 | 7.15 | 7.52 | |
S6 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 64.9 | 63.0 | 32.4 | 36.4 | -203 | -158 | 9.8 | 19.8 | 4.10 | 8.19 | |
平均 | 9.2±4.1 | 7.2±0.3 | 64.0±1.8 | 32.0±2.9 | -188±44 | 17.6±6.0 | 6.54±1.48 | ||||||||
混合区 | S4 | 4.5 | 14.4 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 51.5 | 64.7 | 33.1 | 34.4 | -155 | -181 | 19.9 | 30.3 | 7.90 | 7.62 |
S5 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 57.0 | 59.4 | 37.8 | 31.3 | -126 | -165 | 16.2 | 28.2 | 3.80 | 7.59 | |
S7 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 45.7 | 64.2 | 22.0 | 28.1 | -155 | -188 | 26.8 | 30.9 | 5.70 | 7.81 | |
S8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 48.0 | 58.1 | 24.7 | 26.5 | -158 | -142 | 29.3 | 31.8 | 7.29 | 7.68 | |
S9 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 65.4 | 63.6 | 31.7 | 33.6 | -170 | -140 | 16.2 | 26.6 | 5.30 | 7.93 | |
S10 | 13.5 | 15.0 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 61.6 | 60.3 | 24.9 | 23.8 | -240 | -145 | 32.2 | 32.1 | 5.84 | 7.28 | |
S11 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 66.0 | 67.1 | 27.6 | 29.7 | -195 | -170 | 30.4 | 26.7 | 5.70 | 8.07 | |
S12 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 63.8 | 67.5 | 27.4 | 23.4 | -190 | -131 | 31.5 | 26.9 | 6.80 | 7.45 | |
平均 | 8.1±3.2 | 6.7±0.5 | 60.2±6.7 | 28.7±4.6 | -165±29 | 27.3±5.3 | 6.86±1.23 | ||||||||
口外区 | S13 | 23.0 | 30.0 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 45.7 | 41.5 | 24.0 | 22.0 | -188 | -145 | 33.9 | 32.4 | 4.40 | 7.25 |
S14 | 27.0 | 24.6 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 68.2 | 67.7 | 27.4 | 27.6 | -130 | -172 | 34.0 | 32.3 | 5.50 | 7.30 | |
S15 | 29.4 | 23.5 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 59.7 | 54.2 | 23.6 | 22.5 | -121 | -125 | 34.0 | 32.2 | 5.60 | 7.24 | |
S16 | 29.6 | 29.0 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 55.7 | 37.4 | 23.0 | 17.0 | -177 | -132 | 33.9 | 32.4 | 5.70 | 7.06 | |
S17 | 32.5 | 33.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 39.3 | 46.3 | 18.2 | 22.0 | -134 | -119 | 34.0 | 33.4 | 5.80 | 6.90 | |
S18 | 38.0 | 40.0 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 68.1 | 69.4 | 25.2 | 28.4 | -144 | -107 | 34.3 | 33.4 | 5.60 | 6.90 | |
S19 | 41.8 | 41.0 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 58.7 | 56.5 | 22.9 | 20.9 | -116 | -121 | 34.4 | 33.6 | 5.98 | 6.76 | |
S20 | 37.0 | 33.0 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 50.1 | 35.5 | 21.0 | 15.2 | -180 | -179 | 34.4 | 33.9 | 6.22 | 6.77 | |
平均 | 32.1±6.1 | 5.9±0.7 | 53.4±11.6 | 22.6±8.7 | -143±27 | 33.5±0.8 | 5.86±0.84 |
表2 珠江口沉积物主要性质Tab. 2 Main properties of sediment in the PRE |
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图4 珠江口沉积物可溶性有机质荧光组分分布特征Fig. 4 Spatial distributions of SDOM fluorescence components in the PRE |
表3 珠江口沉积物可溶性有机质荧光强度和荧光参数Tab. 3 Fluorescence intensity and spectral parameters of SDOM in the PRE |
季节 | 口内区 | 混合区 | 口外区 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
荧光强度 | 夏季 | A峰 | 135.9±35.6a | 98.3±14.8b | 73.7±17.7c |
C峰 | 139.9±21.9a | 86.3±12.4b | 68.9±16.2c | ||
M峰 | 234.7±25.7a | 152.9±21.5b | 128.6±26.9b | ||
B峰 | 14.1±2.6 | 11.7±1.8 | 12.2±2.8 | ||
T峰 | 49.2±4.7a | 37.5±3.3b | 34.5±8.4b | ||
冬季 | A峰 | 113.2±20.5a | 80.0±19.7b | 64.3±26.4b | |
C峰 | 90.2±15.9a | 60.0±16.7b | 50.6±21.2b | ||
M峰 | 155.8±15.3a | 104.5±27.9b | 94.0±35.8b | ||
B峰 | 25.6±14.1 | 21.4±8.9 | 14.6±4.0 | ||
T峰 | 49.3±14.6 | 39.9±7.6 | 37.5±11.1 | ||
荧光参数 | 夏季 | FI | 2.14±0.07a | 2.24±0.07b | 2.40±0.07c |
β:α | 0.79±0.02a | 0.87±0.04b | 1.15±0.04c | ||
BIX | 0.84±0.11a | 0.94±0.05b | 1.29±0.05c | ||
HIX | 0.66±0.05a | 0.62±0.03ab | 0.58±0.07b | ||
冬季 | FI | 2.22±0.08a | 2.30±0.10ab | 2.39±0.08b | |
β:α | 0.86±0.05a | 0.87±0.06a | 1.03±0.10b | ||
BIX | 0.93±0.07a | 0.94±0.07a | 1.13±0.11b | ||
HIX | 0.60±0.07 | 0.54±0.05 | 0.52±0.06 |
注: 上标不同字母表示差异性显著(P < 0.05) |
表4 珠江口沉积物Fe3+、可溶性有机质荧光强度和TOC相关性Tab. 4 Correlations of sediment Fe3+ with SDOM fluorescence intensity and TOC in the PRE |
季节 | Fe3+ | A峰 | C峰 | M峰 | B峰 | T峰 | TOC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
夏季 | Fe3+ | 1 | ||||||
A峰 | -0.505* | 1 | ||||||
C峰 | -0.471* | -0.987** | 1 | |||||
M峰 | -0.460* | 0.973** | 0.996** | 1 | ||||
B峰 | -0.012 | 0.119 | 0.142 | 0.147 | 1 | |||
T峰 | -0.361 | 0.831** | 0.850** | 0.864** | 0.459* | 1 | ||
TOC | -0.224 | 0.701** | 0.687** | 0.685** | 0.128 | 0.627** | 1 | |
冬季 | Fe3+ | 1 | ||||||
A峰 | -0.475* | 1 | ||||||
C峰 | -0.489* | 0.986** | 1 | |||||
M峰 | -0.431 | 0.970** | 0.974** | 1 | ||||
B峰 | -0.593** | 0.400 | 0.427 | 0.465* | 1 | |||
T峰 | -0.578** | 0.715** | 0.720** | 0.760** | 0.743** | 1 | ||
TOC | -0.734** | 0.616** | 0.602** | 0.539* | 0.450* | 0.505* | 1 |
注: *指在0.05级别(双尾)相关性显著; **指在0.01级别(双尾)相关性显著 |
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