Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments on the Dongshan Bay, Fujian province, China
Copy editor: YAO Yantao
Received date: 2022-02-12
Revised date: 2022-03-04
Online published: 2022-08-04
Supported by
Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2018FY100200)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076141)
Surface sediments were collected on the Dongshan Bay of Fujian Province China in November 2016. Dinoflagellate cysts were analyzed in the sediments with a particular focus on the distribution of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate cysts. The contents of biogenic elements were examined to reveal the relationships between cysts and biogenic elements. A total of 22 cyst taxa were identified, including 14 autotrophic and 8 heterotrophic taxa. Cysts of Protoperidinium dominated in the sediments. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.70 to 2.38, and Pielou’s evenness index (J) ranged between 0.64 and 0.84. Cyst concentrations ranged from 70.6 to 136.4 cysts·g-1, with an average of 107.2 cysts·g-1. Cyst concentrations were lower in the Zhangjiang estuary and Bachimen area. The high percentages of cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (averagely 75.5%) suggested the high primary productivity and eutrophication level on the Dongshan Bay. Notably, cysts of seven toxic and/or harmful algal bloom (HAB) species were identified in this study, including cysts of the paralytic shellfish toxin (PSP) producers Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. catenella/tamarense, the yessotoxin (YTX) producers Gonyaulax spinifera, the potential azaspiracid (AZP) producer Azadinium sp., the ichthyotoxic species Polykrikos hartmannii, and the bloom species Barrufeta bravensis and Scrippsiella acuminata. Cysts of the HAB species generally occurred in small numbers, however, high numbers of cysts of G. spinifera in some stations need to be concerned.
WANG Zhaohui , ZHANG Yuning , WANG Wenting , XIE Changliang , CHEN Jiazhuo , ZHENG Hu , WANG Junxing . Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments on the Dongshan Bay, Fujian province, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2022 , 41(4) : 154 -162 . DOI: 10.11978/2022002
图2 甲藻孢囊按优势度排列的分布Fig. 2 Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts according to their abundance |
图3 东山湾甲藻孢囊种类多样性指数以及各类孢囊的百分比组成a. 香农-威尔种类多样性指数(H')和皮卢均匀度指数(J); b. 自养型和异养型甲藻孢囊百分比组成; c. 不同目的甲藻孢囊百分比组成 Fig. 3 Species diversity of dinoflagellate cysts and percentage proportions of cyst groups: (a) Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Pielou’s evenness index (J), (b) percentage proportions of cysts of autotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, (c) percentage proportions of cysts of each dinoflagellate classes |
表1 东山湾海域表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布状况Tab. 1 Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of the Dongshan Bay |
目 | 学名 | 中文名 | 有毒有害性 | DS1 | DS2 | DS3 | DS4 | DS5 | DS6 | DS7 | DS8 | DS9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
膝沟藻目 Gonyaulacales | Alexandrium catenella/tamarense | 链状/塔玛亚历山大藻 | PSP | + | + | |||||||
Alexandrium ostenfeldii | 奥氏亚历山大藻 | PSP | + | + | ||||||||
Gonyaulax elongata | 长膝沟藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Gonyaulax spinifera | 具刺膝沟藻 | YTX | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Gonyaulax whaseongensis | 膝沟藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Sourniaea diacantha | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||
Thoracosphaerales | Scrippsiella acuminata | 锥状斯氏藻 | HAB | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Scrippsiella crystallina | 水晶斯氏藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Suessiales | Biecheleria tirezensis | 别什藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
裸甲藻目 Gymnodiniales | Barrufeta bravensis | 赤潮藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Gymnodinium plasticum | 裸甲藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||||
Polykrikos hartmannii | 哈曼褐多沟藻 | 鱼毒素 | + | + | + | + | ||||||
Polykrikos schwartzii | 无纹多沟藻 | + | + | + | + | |||||||
多甲藻目 Peridiniales | Heterocapsa niei | 异囊藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
Protoperidinium abei | 阿氏原多甲藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
Protoperidinium claudicans | 窄角原多甲藻 | + | ||||||||||
Protoeridinium conicum | 锥型原多甲藻 | + | + | + | + | |||||||
Protoperidinium denticulatum | 锯齿原多甲藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Protoperidinium leonis | 里昂原多甲藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||
Protoperidinium minimum | 微小原多甲藻 | + | + | + | + | |||||||
Protoperidinium pentagonum | 五角原多甲藻 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |||
未确定目 Dinophyceae incertae sedis | Azadinium sp. | 环胺藻 | 潜在AZP | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
孢囊种类数 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 14 |
注: PSP为麻痹性贝类毒素, YTX为虾夷扇贝毒素, HAB为有害藻华, AZP为环胺藻毒素; 未标注中文名称的种类表示目前尚无合适的中文名称 |
图4 总孢囊密度及优势目孢囊密度的地理分布a. 总孢囊密度; b. 膝沟藻孢囊密度; c. 裸甲藻孢囊密度; d. 多甲藻孢囊密度。该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2021)5848的标准地图制作 Fig. 4 Geological distribution of concentrations of overall cysts and cysts of dominated classes: (a) total cyst density, (b) density of Gonyaulacales cysts, (c) density of Gymnodiniales cysts, (d) density of Peridiniales cysts |
表2 甲藻孢囊与生源要素的皮尔森相关性分析Tab. 2 Pearson correlation coefficients between the dinoflagellate cysts and biogenic elements |
TN | TP | BSi | TOC | 孢囊种类 | 孢囊密度 | 膝沟藻密度 | 裸甲藻密度 | 多甲藻密度 | Thor | Sues | 环胺藻 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TN | 1 | 0.961** | -0.302 | 0.856** | -0.334 | -0.593 | -0.415 | -0.133 | -0.335 | 0.236 | -0.17 | -0.614 |
TP | 0.961** | 1 | -0.428 | 0.896** | -0.347 | -0.559 | -0.504 | -0.187 | -0.226 | 0.162 | -0.306 | -0.53 |
BSi | -0.302 | -0.428 | 1 | -0.503 | 0.161 | 0.119 | 0.443 | 0.473 | -0.28 | 0.159 | 0.385 | -0.182 |
TOC | 0.856** | 0.896** | -0.503 | 1 | -0.05 | -0.336 | -0.312 | 0.086 | -0.24 | 0.393 | 0.023 | -0.451 |
孢囊种类 | -0.334 | -0.347 | 0.161 | -0.05 | 1 | 0.771* | 0.768* | 0.796* | 0.04 | 0.333 | 0.595 | 0.384 |
孢囊密度 | -0.593 | -0.559 | 0.119 | -0.336 | 0.771* | 1 | 0.48 | 0.406 | 0.603 | -0.109 | 0.24 | 0.426 |
膝沟藻密度 | -0.415 | -0.504 | 0.443 | -0.312 | 0.768* | 0.48 | 1 | 0.822** | -0.362 | 0.253 | 0.619 | 0.518 |
裸甲藻密度 | -0.133 | -0.187 | 0.473 | 0.086 | 0.796* | 0.406 | 0.822** | 1 | -0.44 | 0.583 | 0.764* | 0.137 |
多甲藻密度 | -0.335 | -0.226 | -0.28 | -0.24 | 0.04 | 0.603 | -0.362 | -0.44 | 1 | -0.572 | -0.427 | 0.107 |
Thor | 0.236 | 0.162 | 0.159 | 0.393 | 0.333 | -0.109 | 0.253 | 0.583 | -0.572 | 1 | 0.551 | -0.139 |
Sues | -0.17 | -0.306 | 0.385 | 0.023 | 0.595 | 0.24 | 0.619 | 0.764* | -0.427 | 0.551 | 1 | -0.142 |
环胺藻 | -0.614 | -0.53 | -0.182 | -0.451 | 0.384 | 0.426 | 0.518 | 0.137 | 0.107 | -0.139 | -0.142 | 1 |
注: *表示显著相关(p<0.05), **表示极显著相关(p<0.01); Thor、Sues分别表示Thoracosphaerales和Suessiales的孢囊 |
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