Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Observation characteristics of coastal waves in Sanya and their responses to typhoon processes
Copy editor: YAO Yantao
Received date: 2022-07-13
Revised date: 2022-08-31
Online published: 2022-09-01
Supported by
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(422MS160)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2021B1212050023)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130404)
Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC034)
Long-term monitoring site was deployed in the southern Sanya Bay of the South China Sea, and continuous wave observations covering four seasons were carried out in April ~ October 2020 and December 2021 ~ February 2022. Based on the observational data, the basic statistical features of the wave in the sea area and their response characteristics to typhoon processes are systematically analyzed. The results show that the waves at the site are affected by local factors, such as wind field, bottom topography, shoreline, and current dynamics, thus showing characteristics of nearshore waves. Due to the weakening effect of shallow water topography and the control of shoreline boundary, the waves maintain long-term shoreward (i.e., northward) propagation with relatively small wave heights and periods, in which the significant wave heights and mean periods are less than 1 m and 4 s, respectively, for most of the time. Due to the influence of dynamic factors such as tidal current and sea-land breeze, the wave heights show a strong diurnal variation, and both wave heights and steepness increase (decrease) significantly when the flow direction is opposite to (the same with) the wave direction; driven by the strong wind speed in the same direction, the wave height and steepness also increased significantly. Waves respond significantly to the typhoon process, and the wave height increases significantly under the synergy of current. When the typhoon process is close to the site, the wave energy extends to both low and high frequencies, with the direction distribution changing significantly. If the path is far from the site, the wave energy mainly propagates to the site by the swell, and the energy distribution expands to low frequency while the direction distribution remains unchanged.
Key words: waves; tidal current; typhoon; in-situ observation
LI Junmin , LI Bo , CHEN Wuyang , LIU Junliang . Observation characteristics of coastal waves in Sanya and their responses to typhoon processes[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023 , 42(4) : 25 -35 . DOI: 10.11978/2022157
图1 本研究观测站位及观测期间台风“森拉克”和“红霞”的路径和强度变化a. 观测站与海南岛的相对位置; b. 海浪观测站附近海域的水下地形; c. 台风路径; 圆圈代表间隔6h的台风中心位置, 橙色、黄色和青色分别代表台风强度为强热带风暴、热带风暴和热带低压. 该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)3266号的标准地图制作, 底图无修改 Fig. 1 The location of the observational site in this study, and the path and intensity changes of the typhoons Sinlaku and Noul during the observational period |
图6 观测点水位、上层流速和周边海域风速、风向的实测时间变化过程线水位数据以国家高程基面为基准; 流速数据采用海流剖面中第二接近海表层的数据 Fig. 6 Measured variations of tidal level and velocity at the observational site, and wind speed and wind direction in the nearby area |
图7 观测点所在海域的流速玫瑰图(a)、经向流速随水位变化率的散点分布(b)、风玫瑰图(c)和风速在观测时段内的日周期变化(d)Fig. 7 (a) Velocity rose, (b) scattered distribution of meridional velocity with the change rate of water level, (c) wind rose, and (d) daily periodic variation of wind velocity in the area around the observational site |
图13 台风“森拉克”(a)和“红霞”(b)期间的波浪谱在频率上的分布及其时间变化Fig. 13 Frequency distribution and its variation of wave spectra during the typhoons Sinlaku (a) and Noul (b) |
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