Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Community structure, function, and molecular ecological network of fungi in the tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii sediment
Received date: 2022-10-24
Revised date: 2022-12-09
Online published: 2022-12-26
Supported by
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(422QN440)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41676163)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276160)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42206129)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012124)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2021B1212050023)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2020B1212060058)
Fungi are essential components of seagrass ecosystems, and they play important roles in maintaining seagrass health and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem. To elucidate the fungal community structure and their functions in seagrass sediment, we used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique to investigate the fungi in sediments of tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in Hainan Island and Xisha Islands, respectively. FUNGuild database was introduced to predict fungi trophic types and annotate fungi guilds. Results showed that phylum Ascomycota (relative abundance 24.30% ~ 76.20%) and Basidiomycota (relative abundance 4.98% ~ 52.24%) were the dominant phyla in the two study areas, but the relative abundance of phylum Ascomycota was significantly different between the two study areas (p < 0.05). The percentage of OTUs numbers in seagrass sediment fungi shared in the two regions was 5.15%, and their relative abundance was 31.19%. In addition, there were significant differences between the Alpha diversity index (Shannon and Phylogenetic diversity) and Beta diversity of the fungal communities of seagrass sediments in the two study areas (p < 0.05). The FUNGuild functional prediction analysis revealed that the main fungal trophic types were undetermined (relative abundance 72.11% ~ 91.92%). The trophic types of the rest fungi were Symbiotroph, Saprotroph, and Pathotroph, and these three trophic types could be further divided into 41 functional guilds. Network analysis for fungal groups based on random matrix theory (RMT) showed that the fungi network structure of seagrass T. hemprichii sediment in Hainan Island was more complex, with higher average clustering coefficients, longer average path lengths, and higher densities. These fungal communities may be more sensitive to environmental change. While the fungal communities of seagrass T. hemprichii sediment in Xisha Islands were more modulized, the fungus belonging to Class Sordariomycetes was the key taxon in the molecular ecological network. This study provides essential primary data and theoretical support for further study on the structure and function of fungi in seagrass ecosystems, microbial resource mining, and ecological applications.
LING Juan , LIANG Tongyin , YUE Weizhong , HUANG Xiaofang , SUN Cuici , ZHANG Jian , ZHANG Yuhang , ZHOU Weiguo , DONG Junde . Community structure, function, and molecular ecological network of fungi in the tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii sediment[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023 , 42(5) : 64 -75 . DOI: 10.11978/2022226
表1 热带海草泰来草沉积物样品编号、采样区及其相关信息Tab. 1 The information of seagrass Thalassia hemprichii sediment |
序号 | 分组 | 编号 | 样品 | 采样地 | 海草种类组成 | 具体时间 | 经纬度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 海南岛 | XCT | 泰来草 沉积物 | 海南岛陵水新村湾海草特别保护区 | 泰来草海菖蒲 | 2015年6月1日 | 18°30′N, 109°59′E |
2 | 海南岛 | SYT | 泰来草 沉积物 | 海南岛三亚珊瑚礁自然保护区 | 泰来草 | 2015年6月1日 | 18°12′N, 109°30′E |
3 | 西沙群岛 | YXT | 泰来草 沉积物 | 西沙群岛永兴岛 | 泰来草、喜盐草、 二药草 | 2015年5月28日 | 16°50′32″N, 112°20′41″E |
4 | 西沙群岛 | SDT | 泰来草 沉积物 | 西沙群岛石岛 | 泰来草、喜盐草 | 2015年5月28日 | 16°50'06″N, 112°22′10″E |
图1 海草泰来草沉积物的真菌群落组成(a~b)与α和β多样性分析(c~f)a. 门水平上的真菌群落结构组成; b. 纲水平上的真菌群落结构组成; c.香农指数; d. 丰富度; e. 系统发育多样性; f. β多样性的主坐标分析主成分PCoA分析。图c~e中相同的小写字母表示不同研究区域间无显著性差异(p>0.05)而不同小写字母代表不同研究区域间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。HN表示海南岛; XS表示西沙群岛 Fig. 1 Fungal community composition and diversity analysis of seagrass sediments. The fungal community composition at the phylum level (a) and class level (b), respectively. The alpha diversity of fungal communities: Shannon index (c), richness (d), and phylogenetic diversity (e); principal coordinate analysis of beta diversity PCoA analysis (f) |
图3 海草泰来草沉积物真菌群落营养类型组成(a)及具有显著性差异的功能类群(b)分析横坐标轴的a表示植物病原菌; b表示植物病原-木腐菌; c表示真菌寄生菌-未定义腐生菌; d表示未定义腐生菌; e表示排泄物腐生菌-内生菌-凋落物腐生菌-未定义腐生菌; f表示内生菌。HN表示海南岛; XS表示西沙群岛 图b The analysis of trophic mode (a) and guilds (b) of fungal communities in seagrass sediments (a: Plant Pathogen; b: Plant Pathogen-Wood Saprotroph; c: Fungal Parasite-Undefined Saprotroph; d: Undefined Saprotroph; e: Dung Saprotroph-Endophyte-Litter Saprotroph-Undefined Saprotroph; f: Endophyte). (HN: Hainan Island; XS: Xisha Island) |
表2 海南岛和西沙群岛泰来草沉积物真菌群落分子生态网络的拓扑参数Tab. 2 Molecular ecological network topological parameters of fungal communities in the Hainan Island and Xisha Islands |
研究 区域 | 分子生态网络 | 随机网络 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
节点 | 连线数 | 阈值 | 平均连通度 | 平均聚集系数 | 平均路径长度 | 模块性 (模块数) | 密度 | 正相关 | 平均路径长度 | 平均 聚集系数A | 模块性 | |
海南岛 | 61 | 515 | 0.950 | 16.885 | 0.589 | 2.308 | 0.172(4) | 0.281 | 51.46% | 1.862±0.024 | 0.524±0.016 | 0.111±0.009 |
西沙群岛 | 101 | 201 | 0.890 | 3.980 | 0.257 | 4.776 | 0.740(8) | 0.040 | 57.71% | 3.433 ±0.064 | 0.040 ± 0.013 | 0.458±0.013 |
图5 海草泰来草沉积物海南岛(a)和西沙群岛(b)真菌群落结构的拓扑角色基于Zi和Pi值进行节点分类, 以识别关键种类。水平线Zi=2.5, 模块枢纽Zi> 2.5; 垂直线为Pi=0.62, 连接器为Pi>0.62, 虚线表示Zi和Pi值 Fig. 5 Topological roles of fungi in seagrass Thalassia hemprichii sediment in Hainan Island (a) and Xisha Islands (b) (Nodes are classified based on Zi and Pi values to identify the key categories. The horizontal line has a Zi value of 2.5 and the modular hub Zi is > 2.5; the vertical line is Pi value = 0.62 and the connector is Pi > 0.62, the dotted lines indicate Zi and Pi values) |
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