Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Characteristic statistics and analysis of internal waves in the continental slope area west of the Dongsha Plateau on the northern South China Sea in the autumn of 2021*
Copy editor: LIN Qiang
Received date: 2022-12-28
Revised date: 2023-03-09
Online published: 2023-03-14
Supported by
Key-Area Research and Development Project of Guangdong Province(2020B111102003)
Study on Internal Wave Zoning and Engineering Parameters in the North of the South China Sea(YXKY-ZX 10 2021)
Key Technologies of Refined Environmental Prediction and Parameter Zoning for Offshore Oil and Gas Fields(YXKY-ZX 07 2020)
Research on Deepwater Marine Environmental Monitoring and Data Platform(KJGG2022-0202)
Observations from three moorings deployed in the continental slope area west of the Dongsha Plateau on the northern South China Sea (NSCS) from September to October 2021 are collected for the characteristic analysis of internal waves and internal solitary waves in the Liuhua oilfield area. Harmonic analysis shows the barotropic currents are obviously less than the baroclinic currents on the surface and bottom water layer. By comparison with the barotropic tidal currents obtained from TOPEX/Poseidon Global Inver Solution (TPXO7.2), it is found that the model results of semidiurnal tides are significantly better than that of diurnal tides, and the simulated results underestimate the current amplitude of O1 tidal constituent, but overestimate that of K1 tidal constituent. The internal tides show surface-bottom intensified baroclinic mode-1 structure, and the major axis of tidal ellipse of O1 tidal constituent is larger than that of K1. During the whole observation period, there are four internal solitary waves (ISWs) clusters passed by the Liuhua oilfield area in total, and the appearance time lags 3~4 days behind the astronomical spring tide of Luzon Strait. There are a total of 88 ISWs recorded at mooring of LH2, including 31 solitons and 57 ISW packets, and the averaged amplitude is 31 m. The daily appearance time for the ISWs concentrates between 4~6 am, 11 am-1 pm and 6~8 pm, and more than 45% of solitons appears between 4~6 am. By tracking the propagation process passed by LH1, LH2 and LH3 of 5 ISWs appeared between 8~12 September, the calculated phase speed for the ISWs is 1.23 m·s-1 between LH1 and LH2 and 1.77 m·s-1 between LH2 and LH3, and the theoretical propagation speed is 1.55 m·s-1 based on the linear wave equation and Kdv equation. The statistical results in this paper further strengthen the understanding of the internal waves in the Liuhua oilfield area on the NSCS under the typical autumn environment.
XIE Botao , HUANG Bigui , YANG Wei , LI Ruixiang , ZHANG Yan , LIU Tongmu , LI Xiangyi . Characteristic statistics and analysis of internal waves in the continental slope area west of the Dongsha Plateau on the northern South China Sea in the autumn of 2021*[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2023 , 42(6) : 29 -41 . DOI: 10.11978/2022265
图1 南海北部东沙岛以西陆坡区潜标观测站位分布基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)1825号的标准地图制作。五角星为3套观测潜标LH1—LH3, 地形数据来自etopo2(https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO2/ETOPO2v2-2006/) Fig. 1 Sampling locations of the three moorings (LH1-LH3, pentagrams) on the shelf area west of the Dongsha plateau, northern South China Sea. The bathymetry (black contours) is taken from etopo2 (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/relief/ETOPO2/ETOPO2v2-2006/) |
表1 LH1—LH3站潜标位置信息、观测设备、观测时长及观测深度统计表Tab. 1 Location information, observation period, instrument, and sample depth of moorings at the sites LH1-LH3 |
站位 | 经度 | 纬度 | 水深/m | 观测设备 | 观测时段 | 流速剖面深度范围/m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LH1 | 115°58.230′E | 20°51.605′N | 368 | 300 & 150kHz ADCP | 08.28—11.03 | 12~328 |
LH2 | 115°44.422′E | 20°42.006′N | 378 | 4*300 & 600kHz ADCP 4* SBE37 & 15* SBE 56 | 08.27—10.29 | 12~370 |
LH3 | 115°34.828′E | 20°28.774′N | 440 | 2* 300kHz ADCP | 09.02—11.05 | 12~180 |
注: ADCP全称为声学多普勒流速剖面仪(acoustic Doppler current profiler); SBE 37和SBE 56均为美国Sea-Bird公司的SBE系列温盐深测量仪 |
图2 LH2站主要全日和半日分潮正压潮流椭圆分布全日: O1、K1; 半日: M2、S2; 黑色椭圆来自潜标观测, 红色椭圆来自模型计算; 左上角为2cm·s-1的速度标尺 Fig. 2 Barotropic tidal ellipses of the principal diurnal (O1, K1) and semidiurnal (M2, S2) constituents at LH2 (Black ellipses is calculated from moor data, red ellipses is from TPXO 7.2, the upper-left icon is the current scale of 2 cm·s-1) |
表2 LH2站主要全日和半日分潮正压和斜压潮流椭圆参数Tab. 2 Ellipse parameters of the principal diurnal and semidiurnal barotropic and baroclinic tidal constituents of LH2 |
长轴/(cm·s-1) | 短轴/(cm·s-1) | 倾角/° | 相位/° | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O1 | 正压潮流 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 81 | 97 | |
TPXO 7.2 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 19 | 15 | ||
斜压潮流 | 25m | 21.3 | -14.9 | 137 | 340 | |
105m | 5.6 | -1.4 | 118 | 335 | ||
200m | 2.0 | -1.0 | 66 | 25 | ||
300m | 13.6 | -9.7 | 116 | 163 | ||
350m | 13.4 | -9.5 | 117 | 188 | ||
K1 | 正压潮流 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 142 | 247 | |
TPXO 7.2 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 24 | 59 | ||
斜压潮流 | 25m | 13.3 | -10.2 | 132 | 127 | |
105m | 1.7 | -0.8 | 96 | 161 | ||
200m | 4.4 | -4.2 | 170 | 226 | ||
300m | 5.8 | -5.2 | 144 | 312 | ||
350m | 5.6 | -4.1 | 112 | 330 | ||
M2 | 正压潮流 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 155 | 194 | |
TPXO 7.2 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 175 | 199 | ||
斜压潮流 | 25m | 4.6 | -3.0 | 176 | 131 | |
105m | 0.5 | 0.1 | 61 | 263 | ||
200m | 1.0 | -0.2 | 149 | 282 | ||
300m | 2.2 | -1.0 | 9 | 149 | ||
350m | 1.9 | -1.3 | 136 | 12 | ||
S2 | 正压潮流 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 163 | 232 | |
TPXO 7.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 170 | 225 | ||
斜压潮流 | 25m | 1.9 | -1.7 | 34 | 244 | |
105m | 1.6 | -0.6 | 137 | 43 | ||
200m | 0.4 | -0.2 | 156 | 5 | ||
300m | 0.5 | -0.2 | 8 | 141 | ||
350m | 1.4 | -0.8 | 95 | 316 |
图6 LH2站内孤立波特征统计a. 观测期间农历月中逐日内孤立波发生频率统计; b. 逐时内孤立波发生频率统计; c. 内孤立波振幅分布统计; d. 波致流速分布统计 Fig. 6 Characteristic statistics of NIWs at LH2. (a) Daily frequency statistics in the lunar month; (b) hourly frequency statistics; (c) amplitude distribution statistics; (d) wave-induce current distribution statistics of NIWs during the observation period |
图8 LH2站10月10日内孤立波(a)和9月21日内波波列(b)温度剖面及纬向—垂向海流分布图白色实线为25℃等温线 Fig. 8 Distributions of temperature profile and current field consisting of zonal and vertical velocity at LH2. (a) Single internal wave observed on 10th October; (b) internal wave packets observed on 21st September. White solid line indicates isotherm for 25 ℃ |
图9 2021年9月8—12日LH1、LH2和LH3站40~60m层平均纬向和经向6h高通滤波流速时间过程线Fig. 9 Time series of 6h high-pass filtered zonal and meridional velocity (cm·s-1) at the 40~60m depths of LH1, LH2 and LH3 during 8-12 September 2021 |
表 3 2021年9月8—12日LH1、LH2和LH3站内孤立波发生时间、波致水平流速流向和持续时间统计表Tab. 3 Statistics of the occurrence time, wave-induced velocity and direction, duration for the ISWs along LH1-LH2-LH3 during 8-12 September 2021 |
站位 | 日期 | 时间 | 波致流速/(cm·s-1) | 波致流向/° | 持续时间/min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LH1 | 09-08 | 03:10 | 54.3 | 332 | 22 |
09-09 | 02:26 | 58.1 | 329 | 20 | |
09-10 | 02:50 | 80.8 | 332 | 18 | |
09-11 | 04:12 | 65.3 | 323 | 20 | |
09-12 | 04:26 | 46.1 | 343 | 20 | |
LH2 | 09-08 | 05:26 | 55.6 | 325 | 26 |
09-09 | 04:10 | 88.0 | 302 | 24 | |
09-10 | 04:20 | 64.1 | 307 | 22 | |
09-11 | 05:28 | 53.6 | 300 | 26 | |
09-12 | 05:52 | 49.7 | 313 | 20 | |
LH3 | 09-08 | 06:26 | 83.0 | 294 | 30 |
09-09 | 05:26 | 72.2 | 269 | 26 | |
09-10 | 05:18 | 70.1 | 287 | 22 | |
09-11 | 06:38 | 64.2 | 278 | 20 | |
09-12 | 07:04 | 76.3 | 293 | 28 |
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