Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Study on the community structure of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay based on high-throughput sequencing technology
Copy editor: YIN Bo
Received date: 2023-07-03
Revised date: 2023-08-17
Online published: 2023-08-28
Supported by
Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8232026)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41906112)
National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Programme(2018FY100200)
Using the 18S rDNA V4 region as the target gene, Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to study the phytoplankton community in the seawater of the Shenzhen Bay during the four seasons from the winter of 2019 to the spring of 2021, and to compare with the historical data of harmful algal blooms species in this area, in order to explore the community composition and succession pattern of toxic and harmful phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the eukaryotic phytoplankton in the sea waters of the Shenzhen Bay consisted of 7 groups, including Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, and Rhodophyta, with a total of 82 families and 269 species. Among them, microphytoplankton was the main group, Nannochloris sp. was the dominant species in spring and autumn, Isochrysis galbana was the dominant species in summer, and Thalassiosira minima was the dominant species in winter. The phytoplankton diversity index in winter was the highest in the four seasons. A total of 32 species of toxic and harmful phytoplankton were detected in this survey, including 15 dinoflagellata species, 13 bacillariophyta species, 3 ochrophyta species, and 1 of haptophyta species. Compared with the historical data, the toxic and harmful phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay showed a miniaturization trend and an increasing diversity. The monophasic harmful blooms dominated by dinoflagellates or diatoms have been succeeded to polyphasic blooms of dinoflagellates and diatoms.
HUANG Yuan , CEN Jingyi , LIANG Qianyan , LYU Songhui , WANG Jianyan . Study on the community structure of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay based on high-throughput sequencing technology[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024 , 43(2) : 21 -33 . DOI: 10.11978/2023093
表2 深圳湾4个季节OTUs注释结果Tab. 2 The amount of annotation OTUs of the four season seawater samples in the Shenzhen Bay |
季节 | 序列数 | OTUs总数 | 浮游植物OTUs数目 | 浮游植物OTUs占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
2021年春季 | 41964~71230 | 756 | 244 | 32.28 |
2020年夏季 | 54698~118350 | 2522 | 660 | 26.17 |
2020年秋季 | 69035~73509 | 1058 | 356 | 33.65 |
2019年冬季 | 50352~53527 | 2057 | 513 | 24.94 |
表3 深圳湾4个季节浮游植物优势种Tab. 3 Dominant phytoplankton in Shenzhen Bay |
季节 | 物种 | 拉丁名 | 优势度 | 出现频率/% | 平均丰度/(×103个·m-3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021年春季 | 微拟球藻 | Nannochloris sp. | 0.54 | 100 | 43.12 |
小环藻 | Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana | 0.17 | 100 | 13.77 | |
Picochlorum maculatum | Picochlorum maculatum | 0.08 | 80 | 8.13 | |
环沟藻 | Gyrodinium sp. | 0.08 | 100 | 6.40 | |
新月筒柱藻 | Cylindrotheca closterium | 0.02 | 80 | 2.41 | |
2020年夏季 | 球等鞭金藻 | Isochrysis galbana | 0.47 | 100 | 46.71 |
小球藻 | Chlorella sorokiniana | 0.07 | 60 | 11.78 | |
威氏海链藻 | Thalassiosira weissflogii | 0.08 | 80 | 10.34 | |
吉思纳海链藻 | Thalassiosira gessneri | 0.06 | 60 | 9.20 | |
双眉藻 | Sellaphora sp. | 0.04 | 60 | 5.91 | |
2020年秋季 | 微拟球藻 | Nannochloris sp. | 0.71 | 100 | 103.40 |
垂裂莱万藻 | Levanderina fissa | 0.02 | 100 | 2.94 | |
骨条藻 | Skeletonema sp. | 0.05 | 100 | 7.61 | |
异帽藻 | Heterocapsa sp. | 0.03 | 100 | 3.59 | |
海链藻 | Thalassiosira sp. | 0.04 | 100 | 5.63 | |
小环藻 | Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana | 0.02 | 100 | 3.10 | |
2019年冬季 | 赤潮异弯藻 | Heterosigma akashiwo | 0.26 | 100 | 7.75 |
舟形藻 | Navicula sp. | 0.04 | 100 | 1.18 | |
亚当斯骨条藻 | Skeletonema ardens | 0.06 | 100 | 1.93 | |
菱形藻 | Nitzschia sp. | 0.03 | 100 | 0.88 | |
新月筒柱藻 | Cylindrotheca closterium | 0.06 | 100 | 1.79 | |
极小海链藻 | Thalassiosira minima | 0.43 | 100 | 12.83 | |
梅尼小环藻 | Cyclotella meneghiniana | 0.03 | 80 | 0.93 |
表4 深圳湾浮游植物多样性指数Tab. 4 The diversity indices of phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay |
季节 | 站位 | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 | Margalef丰富度指数 | Pielou均匀度指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2021年春季 | S1 | 1.03 | 6.03 | 0.25 |
S2 | 1.20 | 3.37 | 0.35 | |
S3 | 1.88 | 3.58 | 0.57 | |
S4 | 1.51 | 3.20 | 0.44 | |
S5 | 1.11 | 3.83 | 0.30 | |
2020年夏季 | S1 | 1.41 | 1.89 | 0.48 |
S2 | 1.51 | 3.46 | 0.44 | |
S3 | 1.53 | 1.39 | 0.60 | |
S4 | 1.25 | 1.94 | 0.41 | |
S5 | 1.75 | 1.97 | 0.57 | |
2020年秋季 | S1 | 2.74 | 8.12 | 0.63 |
S2 | 1.45 | 7.22 | 0.33 | |
S3 | 1.44 | 7.02 | 0.33 | |
S4 | 0.85 | 5.42 | 0.21 | |
S5 | 0.71 | 4.38 | 0.19 | |
2019年冬季 | S1 | 2.96 | 4.57 | 0.84 |
S2 | 1.38 | 3.06 | 0.41 | |
S3 | 1.29 | 2.29 | 0.42 | |
S4 | 1.69 | 2.12 | 0.58 | |
S5 | 1.93 | 1.66 | 0.71 |
表5 深圳湾4个季节有毒有害浮游植物名录Tab. 5 List of toxic and harmful phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay |
序号 | 门类 | 种名 | 拉丁文名 | 危害 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 甲藻门 | 近缘亚历山大藻 | Alexandrium affine | 有毒 | √ | √ | √ | |
2 | 广野亚历山大藻 | Alexandrium hiranoi | 有毒 | √ | ||||
3 | 链状亚历山大藻 | Alexandrium catenella | 有毒 | √ | ||||
4 | 奥斯亚历山大藻 | Alexandrium ostenfeldii | 有毒 | √ | √ | |||
5 | 安德森亚历山大藻 | Alexandrium andersonii | 有毒 | √ | ||||
6 | 塔玛亚历山大藻 | Alexandrium tamarense | 有毒 | √ | ||||
7 | 渐尖鳍藻 | Dinophysis acuminata | 有毒 | √ | ||||
8 | 具刺膝沟藻 | Gonyaulax spinifera | 有毒 | √ | √ | √ | ||
9 | 垂裂莱万藻(原名条纹环沟藻) | Levanderina fissa | 有害 | √ | ||||
10 | 剧毒卡尔藻 | Karlodinium veneficum | 有毒 | √ | √ | |||
11 | 夜光藻 | Noctiluca scintillans | 有害 | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
12 | 凹面原甲藻 | Prorocentrum concavum | 有毒 | √ | √ | |||
13 | 钝齿原甲藻(原名东海原甲藻) | Prorocentrum obtusidens | 有害 | √ | ||||
14 | 巴哈马麦甲藻 | Pyrodinium bahamense | 有毒 | √ | ||||
15 | 双胞多沟藻 | Polykrikos geminatum | 有害 | √ | ||||
16 | 硅藻门 | 薄壁几内亚藻 | Guinardia flaccida | 有害 | √ | |||
17 | 柔弱角毛藻 | Chaetoceros debilis | 有害 | √ | ||||
18 | 并基角毛藻 | Chaetoceros decipiens | 有害 | √ | ||||
19 | 平孢角毛藻 | Chaetoceros laevisporus | 有害 | √ | ||||
20 | 格氏圆筛藻 | Coscinodiscus granii | 有害 | √ | ||||
21 | 琼氏圆筛藻 | Coscinodiscus jonesianus | 有害 | √ | √ | |||
22 | 辐射圆筛藻 | Coscinodiscus radiatus | 有害 | √ | √ | |||
23 | 环纹娄氏藻 | Lauderia annulata | 有害 | √ | ||||
24 | 丹麦细柱藻 | Leptocylindrus danicus | 有害 | √ | √ | |||
25 | 伦德海链藻 | Thalassiosira lundiana | 有害 | √ | √ | |||
26 | 极小海链藻 | Thalassiosira minima | 有害 | √ | √ | |||
27 | 威氏海链藻 | Thalassiosira weissflogii | 有害 | √ | ||||
28 | 萎软海链藻 | Thalassiosira mala | 有害 | √ | ||||
29 | 褐藻门 | 海洋卡盾藻 | Chattonella marina | 有害 | √ | |||
30 | 盐生卡盾藻 | Chattonella subsalsa | 有毒 | √ | √ | |||
31 | 赤潮异弯藻 | Heterosigma akashiwo | 有害 | √ | √ | √ | ||
32 | 定鞭藻门 | 球形棕囊藻 | Phaeocystis globosa | 有害 | √ | √ |
注: √表示此季节出现的有毒有害浮游植物; 空白表示此季节未出现的有毒有害浮游植物 |
图5 深圳海域有毒有害浮游植物赤潮爆发情况Fig. 5 Toxic and harmful algal blooms in the coastal waters of Shenzhen from 1980 to 2021 |
表6 深圳湾有毒有害浮游植物粒级变化Tab. 6 Changes in the size of toxic and harmful phytoplankton in the Shenzhen Bay |
粒径水平 | 物种数目(占比) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20世纪80年代 | 20世纪90年代 | 2000—2010年 | 2010—2021年 | 本研究 | |
微型浮游植物 | 1 (8.33%) | 4 (16.67%) | 4 (15.38%) | 3 (16.67%) | 7 (21.88%) |
小型浮游植物 | 11 (91.67%) | 20 (83.33%) | 22 (84.62%) | 15 (83.33%) | 25 (78.12%) |
总数 | 12 | 24 | 26 | 18 | 32 |
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