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Journal of Tropical Oceanography >

2024 , Vol. 43 >Issue 6: 140 - 144

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11978/2023197

Marine Biology

Two new records of Neogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Nansha Islands of China

  • HE Chen , 1, 2 ,
  • CHEN Zhiyun , 1 ,
  • TAN Yehui 1, 2
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  • 1. Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
  • 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
CHEN Zhiyun. email:

Editor: LIN Qiang

Received date: 2023-12-19

  Revised date: 2024-02-19

  Online published: 2024-03-07

Supported by

Science-technology Research Foundation from the Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(2021CXLH0011)

Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(202201010076)

National Animal Collection Resource Center, China

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Abstract

Two Neogastropoda species, Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840) and Vexillum costatum (Gmelin, 1791) were identified from the samples that were collected from the Nansha Islands and are deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Collections of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Key words： Nansha Islands; Gastropoda; Columbellidae; Costellariidae; new record

Cite this article

HE Chen , CHEN Zhiyun , TAN Yehui . Two new records of Neogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Nansha Islands of China[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2024 , 43(6) : 140 -144 . DOI: 10.11978/2023197

核螺科 Columbellidae 隶属于软体动物门 Mollusca 新腹足目 Neogastropoda, 是世界性分布的小型海洋贝类, 主要分布在热带海域的浅水区, 在高纬度海域以及500~1000m 的深海也有大量分布 (deMaintenon, 1999, 2019; WoRMS, 2010), 甚至在2000m 水深的海底也可见其踪迹 (Hoffman et al, 2019)。新腹足目大多为肉食性螺类, 而核螺科多个属内存在仍以海洋植物为食的种类; 因此核螺科为了解新腹足目食性的转变以及评估其他腹足类类群的进食策略进化提供了重要的研究材料 (deMaintenon, 1999)。核螺科已知现生种超过900种, 分别隶属于75个属 (deMaintenon et al, 2022), 但绘核螺属 Graphicomassa 的种类较少, 全球已知现生种仅3种 (deMaintenon, 2016; WoRMS, 2023); 本文报道的新记录种舌状绘核螺 Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840) 是我国海域绘核螺属的第二个记录。
肋脊笔螺科 Costellariidae 广泛分布于热带和温带的潮间带至半深海, 其中绝大多数种类属于印度洋—太平洋区系 (Fedosov et al, 2017; WoRMS, 2021a), 在我国主要见于台湾和南海(张素萍, 2008a, b)。这类动物通过分泌毒素捕食猎物, 多以腹足类为食 (Fedosov et al, 2010)。其中菖蒲螺属(Vexillum)种类较多, 分布于印度洋—太平洋、巴拿马、加勒比和大西洋等地, 常见于沙质、泥质海底或珊瑚礁碎屑中 (Cernohorsky, 1966; Beesley et al, 1998; Wils et al, 2002; Fedosov et al, 2017); 本文报道的新记录种肋条菖蒲螺 Vexillum costatum (Gmelin, 1791) 不常见且研究相对较少。
本文通过标本整理和新记录种的报道, 可为后续中国海域核螺科和肋脊笔螺科的系统分类学研究提供前期工作基础。

1 材料与方法

本文所查视的标本为中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆近年来在南沙群岛采集所得的海洋贝类标本, 具体标本信息见表1。本研究用游标卡尺对研究标本进行了测量, 并在体式显微镜下对其贝壳的外部形态特征进行了观察和描述, 利用数码相机对贝壳进行了拍照。本研究依据的分类系统为张素萍(2008a, b)、Fedosov等(2010)和deMaintenon (2016)的分类系统。
表1 标本信息

Tab. 1 Sample information

种名 标本号 个数 采集地 采集时间 采集人
舌状绘核螺
Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840)		 SCSMBC-
ZBJ-19-01		 1 南沙群岛渚璧礁 2019年1月 张渊洲
肋条菖蒲螺
Vexillum costatum (Gmelin, 1791)		 SCSMBC-
ZBJ-18-01		 1 南沙群岛渚璧礁 2018年1月 张渊洲

2 结果与讨论

2.1 舌状绘核螺

腹足纲 Gastropoda
新腹足目 Neogastropoda
核螺科 Columbellidae
绘核螺属 Graphicomassa
舌状绘核螺 Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840)(图1)
Columbella ligula Duclos, 1840: pl. 11, figs. 11-16.
Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos): deMaintenon, 2016: 44, figs. 1A-H, 2A-C.
Columbella lactea Duclos, 1840: pl. 1, figs. 3-4; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella albina Kiener, 1841: 32-33, pl. 13, fig. 4; Sowerby, 1844 (part): 123, fig. 82; Chenu, 1846: pl. 16, figs. 19-20; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Mitra insignis A. Adams, 1853: 132; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella acicula Reeve, 1858: sp. 46; pl. 10, fig. 46a, b; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella seychellensis E. A. Smith, 1884: 493, pl. 44, fig. G; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella ligula var. carne Hervier, 1900: 327; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella ligula var. nivalis Hervier, 1900: 326-327; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella (Mitrella) albina Kiener: Kobelt, 1892-1897: 80-81, pl. 11, figs. 6-7[1892]; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Columbella (Mitrella) ligula Duclos: Kobelt, 1892-1897: 78-79, pl. 11, figs. 1-5[1892]; deMaintenon, 2016: 44.
Graphicomassa albina (Kiener): Kilburn et al, 2010: 82.
Mitrella ligula (Duclos): Cernohorsky, 1972: 135-136, pl. 41, fig. 1, 1a. Monsecour, 2008: pl. 329, figs. 7-16.
Mitrella (Graphicomassa) ligula (Duclos): Wilson, 1994: 104, pl. 16, fig. 104; Okutani, 2000: 431, pl. 214, fig. 33.
图1 舌状绘核螺

a. 腹面观; b. 侧面观; c. 背面观

Fig. 1 Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840).

(a) Ventral view; (b) lateral view; (c) dorsal view

形态描述: 贝壳较小, 近纺锤形, 壳质坚实。壳长19.36mm, 壳宽6.83mm。螺旋部高, 螺层约7层, 缝合线明显, 其下方形成弱的肩部; 体螺层高大, 约占壳长的1/2, 基部稍稍收缩, 刻有十数条较浅的螺纹。贝壳表面光滑, 呈白色, 螺旋部螺层上有细的竖螺纹, 缝合线下方具有淡橙红色和淡乳黄色的云状斑; 体螺层表面可见三条由浅黄褐色云斑组成的螺带, 螺带在背面观更为明显; 本种壳面花纹和色带在不同个体间变化很大, 大多个体都具有由单色或多色斑纹组成的螺带, 或杂有白色斑点, 也有的个体在螺带之间布有不规律的棕色或黑色纵走短线纹。壳口狭长, 上方宽, 向下变窄, 内面白色; 外唇内面具有10个短的细肋状齿; 前沟短, 白色, 呈“U”字形缺刻状, 后沟为一浅的窦。
习性和地理分布: 馆藏标本为死壳标本, 有报道显示本种栖息在潮间带至数十米的珊瑚礁浅海沙质海底, 最深可分布至120m (deMaintenon, 2008; Monsecour, 2008) 。本种在我国系首次报道, 目前在我国仅见于南沙群岛。主要分布于印度洋—西太平洋热带海域, 东非、 马达加斯加、 阿拉伯半岛、日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚、新西兰等海域均有分布 (Ladd, 1977; deMaintenon, 2016; WoRMS, 2021b)。
讨论: 绘核螺属 Graphicomassa 目前在全球已知种类较少, 仅有5个种, 其中包括2种化石种, 其余3种为现生种: 尖绘核螺 Graphicomassa adiostina (Duclos, 1840)、舌状绘核螺G. ligula (Duclos, 1840)、珍珠绘核螺 G. margarita (Reeve, 1858-1859)。在我国台湾已报道的梦幻牙螺 G. somnium (Pilsbry, 1904) (林朝棨, 1974; 邵广昭等, 2010) 已被确认为是尖绘核螺 G. adiostina 的同物异名 (deMaintenon, 2016), 本文中的舌状绘核螺G. ligula 是国内报道的第二个种。这两个种的区别是: 尖绘核螺 G. adiostina 贝壳相对较小, 壳长为10~15mm, 在体螺层上方以及壳顶数层缝合线下方具结节, 壳口前端多呈紫色或具深色的斑纹; 而舌状绘核螺G. ligula贝壳相对前一种较大, 成体贝壳壳长多为15~20mm, 壳面不具结节突起, 壳口以及前沟处均呈白色。我们的馆藏标本贝壳呈白色, 壳长近20mm, 壳面除体螺层基部数条细螺沟外无雕刻, 体螺层具有三条由浅黄褐色斑纹组成的螺带, 前沟处白色, 为舌状绘核螺的典型形态。舌状绘核螺的壳色和花纹在种内有较大的变化, 有的个体以黄褐色为底色, 有的个体具丰富的棕色竖线纹, 或具褐色云斑, 或具细密的深褐色的纹状斑; 正因如此, 包括该种定名人Duclos在内的不少学者将其具有不同的花色和花纹的个体定名为多个新种 (Duclos, 1840; Kiener, 1841; Adams, 1853; Reeve, 1858-1859; Hervier, 1900), 例如 Columbella lactea Duclos, 1840的模式标本仅为舌状绘核螺 G. ligula 的白化个体 (deMaintenon, 2016); 再如deMaintenon (2016) 通过查视 Columbella albina Kiener, 1841的模式标本后发现, 仅有的两个模式标本个体壳长为14.85mm和16.30mm, 贝壳均呈白色, 体螺层具有三条由棕色斑纹组成的螺带, 体螺层上方缝合线处无结节, 前沟白色, 均为典型的舌状绘核螺 G. ligula贝壳形态。

2.2 肋条菖蒲螺

腹足纲 Gastropoda
新腹足目 Neogastropoda
肋脊笔螺科 Costellariidae
菖蒲螺属 Vexillum
肋条菖蒲螺(Vexillum costatum Gmelin, 1791)(图2)
Voluta costata Gmelin, 1791: 3458.
Vexillum (Costellaria) costatum Gmelin, 1791: Drivas et al, 1988: 1-160; Turner, 2001: 26; Robin et al, 2004: 22, pl. C-6.
Vexillum costatum (Gmelin, 1791): Poppe et al, 2008: 284-285, pl. 437, figs. 1-2.
图2 肋条菖蒲螺

a. 腹面观; b. 侧面观; c. 背面观

Fig. 2 Vexillum Costatum (Gmelin, 1791).

(a) Ventral view; (b) lateral view; (c) dorsal view

形态描述: 贝壳中等大小, 呈狭长纺锤形, 壳长37.35mm, 壳宽9.23mm, 壳质结实。螺旋部高起, 各螺层宽度增加均匀缝合线明显, 其下方略形成肩部。体螺层近圆筒形, 靠近基部有明显收缩。贝壳暗白色, 整个壳面刻有明显的纵肋和细螺纹, 二者相交形成布纹状突起。壳口狭长, 内面白色; 外唇边缘较薄, 内面具有约10条排列较规律的细螺肋; 内唇稍厚, 反贴在壳轴上, 轴唇中部具有4个肋状齿, 位置靠近上方者较粗壮, 向下逐渐减弱, 轴唇近后沟处具有一个明显的结节。前沟宽短, 后沟明显; 绷带较弱。
习性和地理分布: 生活于潮间带至潮下带水深约50m的浅海珊瑚礁。在我国目前仅见于南沙群岛渚碧礁; 主要分布在印度洋—太平洋, 东非、日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚、新喀里多尼亚、波利尼西亚等海域(Okutani, 2000; Robin et al, 2004; Poppe et al, 2008)。此种在我国系首次报道。
讨论: 肋条菖蒲螺 V. costatum 是中等大小的菖蒲螺属动物, 不常见且研究报道较少。已有的记录显示, 肋条菖蒲螺生活时, 贝壳呈橘黄色, 壳顶数层多呈红色, 壳面饰有不甚规则的白色斑纹(Poppe et al, 2008)。

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