This paper reviews the basic concepts of data security governance, summarizes the current status and challenges of marine scientific data security in China, and points out its basic characteristics, and then the possible security risks in each security process area in the data life cycle are extracted out. With the whole life cycle of marine scientific data as the core, a data security governance framework is constructed from three levels of governance objectives, security capability and governance system, and the specific security strategies are proposed, which helps providing theoretical support and practical reference for improving the security governance capabilities of marine scientific data centers in China.