Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Observation of the fertilization process of Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardhon Naozhou Island and a preliminary study on the optimal growth conditions for the juvenile sporophyte
Copy editor: YIN Bo
Received date: 2024-06-04
Revised date: 2024-07-02
Online published: 2024-07-09
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2401303)
2023 Major Science and Technology Research and Launch Project of Ningbo City(2023Z118)
Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh is an economic seaweed widely distributed along the coast of the South China Sea. To investigate the sexual reproductive characteristics and the feasibility of artificial seedling propagation of this brown macroalga, this study employed optical microscopy to examine the morphological features of the thallus, male and female receptacles, and the early developmental stages of fertilized eggs in S. hemiphyllum var. chinense from Naozhou Island. The results revealed that the mature thallus of this Chinese variant exhibited a yellow-brown hue with a height of 0.8 to 1 m. It exhibited dioecious traits and possessed discoid holdfasts composed of repetitive bifurcations. The female receptacles were yellow-brown and cylindrical, adorned with numerous surface spines, measuring (0.46 ± 0.05) mm in diameter and (2.50 ± 0.67) mm in length. Conversely, the male receptacles were lighter in color, adopting a rod-like morphology, with a diameter of (1.01 ± 0.18) mm and a length of (9.21 ± 2.36) mm. Eggs released from the female structures exhibited an eight-nucleate one-egg configuration, either ellipsoidal or oval, with an outside diameter of (76.32 ± 10.11) μm. Following ovulation, these eggs adhered to the female structures awaiting fertilization. Sperms released from the male structures were pear-shaped, measuring (27.52 ± 5.43) μm in length and equipped with flagella. At the post-fertilization stage, the majority of fertilized eggs detached from the receptacles, affixing to substrates and undergoing early developmental processes. Within six hours, these fertilized eggs underwent their initial transverse division, subsequently progressing through multiple transverse and longitudinal divisions, and ultimately culminating in the development of landmine-shaped sporophytes within 24 hours, with primary fronds emerging after 28 days. Additionally, this study investigated the indoor use of suitable artificial substrates for the germination of sporophytes and the effect of temperature on the S. hemiphyllum var. chinense growth. Results indicated that, after seven days of culture, the mesh curtain yielded a germination rate of (7.25 ± 3.64) sporophytes per cm2, measuring (1.38 ± 0.35) mm in sporophytes’ length. Additional indoor suspension culture experiments revealed a 90% survival rate of sporophytes at the optimal temperature of 25℃, with a thallus growth rate of 90.1 μm·d−1, significantly outperforming other temperatures. These findings provide valuable preliminary data on which to base further studies of the early development and large-scale artificial seedling propagation of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense, thereby facilitating the rapid establishment of natural Sargassum habitats in coastal regions and contributing to the swift rehabilitation of China’s nearshore marine ecosystems.
YANG Wencheng , XIE Enyi , LIN Kun , GUO Youyou , WANG Huihui , CHEN Chunli , XIN Rong , CUI Jianjun . Observation of the fertilization process of Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardhon Naozhou Island and a preliminary study on the optimal growth conditions for the juvenile sporophyte[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(2) : 137 -146 . DOI: 10.11978/2024119
图2 硇洲岛半叶马尾藻中国变种成熟生殖托外观a. 成熟藻体(上雌下雄); b. 雌雄生殖托(左雌右雄); c. 挂卵的成熟雌性生殖托; d. 排精的成熟雄性生殖托 Fig. 2 Morphological features of mature receptacles of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island. The mature plants (above: female; below: male) (a); the receptacles (left: female; right: male) (b); eggs adhered to the female receptacle (c); sperms released by the male receptacle (d) |
图3 硇洲岛半叶马尾藻中国变种雌、雄生殖托长度Fig. 3 The length of female and male receptacles of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island |
表1 硇洲岛半叶马尾藻中国变种第二分支上生殖托数量、长度和直径Tab. 1 The number, length and diameter of the receptacles from the second lateral branches of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island |
性别 | 第二分支生殖托总数/个 | 生殖托长/mm | 生殖托直径/mm |
---|---|---|---|
雄性 | 74.17 ± 12.69 | 9.21 ± 2.36 | 1.01 ± 0.18 |
雌性 | 56 ± 4.08 | 2.50 ± 0.67 | 0.46 ± 0.05 |
图5 硇洲岛半叶马尾藻变种受精卵发育过程a. 受精卵; b. 第一次横分裂后的受精卵; c. 分裂中的受精卵; d. “地雷状”幼孢子体; e. 萌发出假根的幼孢子体; f. 幼孢子体幼苗 Fig. 5 The early development of zygotes of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island. (a) Zygotes; (b) first division of zygotes across the longer axis; (c) zygotes after several divisions; (d) the landmine-shaped juvenile sporophytes formed after multiple divisions; (e) the sporophytes that geminated rhizoids; (f) juvenile sporophyte germlings |
图6 硇洲岛半叶马尾藻变种幼苗成功萌发的附着基a. 牡蛎壳上附着的幼孢子体; b. 布帘上附着的幼孢子体; c. 一个月后贝壳上的幼苗; d. 一个月后布帘上的幼苗 Fig. 6 Attachment materials for successful germination of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island. (a) Juvenile sporophytes attached to the oyster shells; (b) juvenile sporophytes attached to the curtain; (c) the 30 days’ germlings on the oyster shell; (d) the 30 days’ germlings on the curtain |
表2 硇洲岛半叶马尾藻中国变种不同附着基幼孢子体附着和幼苗生长情况Tab. 2 The attachment of juvenile sporophytes and growth of germlings for different attachment materials in the S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island |
基质 | 幼孢子体附着 | 幼苗长度/mm | 幼苗密度/(indiv.·cm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
牡蛎壳 | 有 | 0.92 ± 0.34a | 3.20 ± 2.15a |
布帘 | 有 | 1.38 ± 0.35b | 7.25 ± 3.64b |
铝板 | 无 | — | — |
塑料板 | 无 | — | — |
水泥砖 | 有 | — | — |
注: —表示无幼苗存活; 不同小写字母表示组别之间差异显著(P < 0.05) |
表3 不同温度条件下硇洲岛半叶马尾藻中国变种幼苗培养第7天和第14天的存活率和生长速率Tab. 3 Survival rate and growth rate of Naozhou Island S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh germlings on the 7th and 14th days of cultivation under different temperature conditions. |
第7天 | 第14天 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20℃ | 25℃ | 30℃ | 20℃ | 25℃ | 30℃ | |
存活率/% | 75 | 95 | 55 | 75 | 90 | 40 |
生长速率/(μm·d-1) | -1.4 | 102.9 | -15.7 | 3.6 | 90.1 | -10.6 |
图7 不同温度对硇洲岛半叶马尾藻变种幼苗长度(a)和叶片数量(b)的影响不同小写字母表示组别之间的差异显著(P < 0.05) Fig. 7 Effects of different temperatures on the germlings’ length (a) and fronds’ number (b) of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense J. Agardh from Naozhou Island Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P<0.05) |
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