Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Study of acute toxicity of Karenia hui on Artemia salina and its hemolytic activity
Copy editor: SUN Cuici
Received date: 2024-10-15
Revised date: 2024-10-23
Online published: 2024-11-05
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3105201)
Construction of a Phytoplankton Biodiversity Database for Typical Water Sources Based on Environmental DNA Technology
Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program(2023B1111050011)
Karenia harmful algal blooms occur frequently worldwide, attracting extensive attention from countries around the globe. Karenia hui, identified as a new species of the genus Karenia in 2024, has been found to be lethal to Oryzias melastigma. Research on this species is currently quite limited. This study investigated its growth characteristics, acute toxicity on Artemia salina, and hemolytic activity at different growth stages. This study aims to reveal the growth curve of K. hui, its toxic effects, and changes in hemolytic activity. The results indicated that K. hui had a unique growth cycle. After the initial exponential growth period and the stable period, it entered the exponential growth period and the stable period again. Karenia hui possessed acute toxicity to Artemia salina, with the death rate of Artemia salina being positively correlated with the density of the algae and increasing with exposure time. In the study of the acute toxicity of K. hui at different growth stages to Artemia salina, the toxicity was the highest on day 23 of the initial stationary phase. The specific death rate of Artemia salina reached its peak at (0.22±0.03)h-1 within 24 hours, and the death rate after 72 hours reached (98.33±4.08)%. The hemolytic activity of K. hui increased during the first exponential growth phase and reached its peak at the end of this phase (14.43×10-6 HU·cells-1). It began to decline during the first stationary phase, and remained low during the second exponential growth phase and stationary phase (0.31×10-6 HU·cells-1). The results of this study can provide a foundation for assessing and mitigating the potential ecological risks posed by K. hui blooms.
Key words: Karenia; Karenia hui; acute toxicity; hemolytic activity
CHEN Shibing , HUANG Bozhu , XIE Xuedong , ZHAO Jinping , LYU Songhui , CEN Jingyi . Study of acute toxicity of Karenia hui on Artemia salina and its hemolytic activity[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(1) : 162 -171 . DOI: 10.11978/2024193
图3 不同密度胡氏凯伦藻暴露下卤虫死亡率不同字母代表同一暴露时间, 不同组之间有显著差异(P<0.05) Fig. 3 The death of Artemia salina under exposure to different concentrations of Karenia hui. Different letters indicate significant differences among different groups at the same exposure time (P<0.05) |
表1 不同密度胡氏凯伦藻暴露下卤虫比死亡速率(h-1)Tab. 1 The specific death rate of Artemia salina under exposure to different concentrations of Karenia hui (h-1) |
时间段 | 比死亡速率(h-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
低密度组 | 中密度组 | 高密度组 | 对照组 | 饥饿组 | |
0—24h | 0.11±0.03a | 0.19±0.04b | 0.26±0.02c | 0.03±0.02d | 0.03±0.02d |
24—48h | 0.10±0.02a | 0.11±0.04a | 0.13±0.03a | 0.01±0.02b | 0.04±0.03b |
48—72h | 0.12±0.04a | 0.08±0.04a | 0.02±0.02b | 0.02±0.02b | 0.01±0.01b |
72—96h | 0.08±0.03a | 0.03±0.03bc | 0.00±0.00b | 0.04±0.03c | 0.02±0.02bc |
注: 不同字母表示同一暴露时间, 不同组间存在显著差异(P<0.05) |
图4 不同生长时期胡氏凯伦藻暴露下卤虫死亡率“*” 表示该组与饥饿组具有显著差异(P<0.05), a—f分别为培养5、10、15、23、31和39d胡氏凯伦藻暴露下卤虫死亡率 Fig. 4 The death rate of Artemia salina exposed to Karenia hui at different growth stages. “*” indicates significant difference between the study group and the control group (P<0.05), a−f represent the death rates of Artemia salina exposed to K. hui on day 5, 10, 15, 23, 31, and 39 of cultivation, respectively |
表2 不同培养天数胡氏凯伦藻暴露下卤虫比死亡速率(h-1)Tab. 2 The specific death rate of Artemia salina exposure to Karenia hui for different culture days (h-1) |
时间段 | 密度 组别 | 不同培养天数下的比死亡速率(h-1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5d | 10d | 15d | 23d | 31d | 39d | ||
0—24h | 低 | 0.13±0.03a | 0.13±0.04a | 0.15±0.04a | 0.19±0.02b | 0.12±0.03a | 0.13±0.05a |
高 | 0.18±0.02ab | 0.17±0.03ab | 0.20±0.03bc | 0.22±0.03c | 0.15±0.03a | 0.17±0.03ab | |
24—48h | 低 | 0.11±0.04a | 0.13±0.06a | 0.13±0.07a | 0.10±0.04a | 0.15±0.03a | 0.14±0.06a |
高 | 0.12±0.04a | 0.13±0.03a | 0.11±0.07a | 0.10±0.06a | 0.15±0.03a | 0.13±0.05a | |
48—72h | 低 | 0.06±0.06ab | 0.06±0.04a | 0.10±0.02abc | 0.10±0.04abc | 0.11±0.03bc | 0.13±0.05c |
高 | 0.06±0.04a | 0.07±0.04a | 0.08±0.07a | 0.08±0.07a | 0.08±0.06a | 0.09±0.03a | |
72—96h | 低 | 0.10±0.07a | 0.10±0.03a | 0.03±0.04b | 0.01±0.02b | 0.04±0.04b | 0.03±0.02b |
高 | 0.04±0.03a | 0.04±0.04a | 0.02±0.02a | 0.01±0.02c | 0.03±0.03a | 0.02±0.02a |
注: 不同字母表示同一暴露时间, 不同培养天数组间存在显著差异(P<0.05) |
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