Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Structure of macrobenthic community in the seaweed beds of Lvhua Island waters and its response to environmental factors
Received date: 2024-10-08
Revised date: 2024-11-05
Online published: 2024-12-16
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0900904)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0901303)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41876191)
To explore the factors influencing the population dynamics of macroalgae and benthic fauna in the marine area surrounding Lvhua Island, this study conducted field ecological surveys employing the index of relative importance (IRI), biodiversity indices, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). These methods were applied across three macroalgal growth stages in the algal beds: seedling (August-September 2021), growth (November-December 2021), and flourishing (May-June 2022), to analyze the community composition, biodiversity, and environmental factors associated to macrobenthic population changes in Lvhua Island and its adjacent waters. The results revealed the following: (1) A total of 113 macrobenthic species were identified in the algal beds of Lvhua Island and its neighboring waters, including 49 species of benthic fauna and 64 macroalgal species, belonging to nine phyla. Among them, Mollusca and Rhodophyta had the highest number of species, with Rhodophyta dominating species diversity across all observed periods. The dominant species included Sargassum vachellianum, Sargassum horneri, Chlorostoma rustica, and Anthocidaris crassispina. The average abundance of the nine phyla across the three growth stages was 30 ind·m-2, and the average biomass was 23.83 g·m-2. (2) Species richness varied by growth stage, peaking during the seedling stage. Abundance and biomass fluctuations were closely tied to periodic water temperature changes, with abundance ranked as seedling stage (36 ind·m-2) > flourishing stage (30 ind·m-2) > growth stage (23 ind·m-2), and biomass following a similar trend: seedling stage (25.40 g·m-2) > flourishing stage (23.88 g·m-2) > growth stage (22.20 g·m-2). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences in macrobenthic community structure across different growth stages (P<0.05). (3) The Mentoushan station recorded the highest species richness, abundance, biomass, and biodiversity, while Menduishan station exhibited the lowest diversity, and the Xilvhua station had the fewest species. Dominant and important species showed minimal variation at Donglvhua South station, where both biomass and abundance were lowest, whereas the mussel farming area displayed relatively low overlap between dominant and important species. (4) Except for salinity, water temperature (P=0.009), pH (P=0.001), and dissolved oxygen (P=0.002) significantly influenced macrobenthic distribution in Lvhua Island waters, while salinity (P=0.149) had no significant effect. Organismal adaptability to environmental factors varied by station: Mentoushan and Menduishan stations showed positive correlations with all four environmental factors, whereas Yibeidi, Xilvhua, and Donglvhua North stations exhibited negative correlations. Among the nine phyla, Phaeophyta correlated negatively with all environmental factors, while Cnidaria showed a positive correlation with salinity. This study enhances understanding of the regulatory role of macrobenthic organisms in algal bed ecosystems and provides a scientific foundation for biological resource conservation, algal bed construction, and ecological restoration in the study area.
Key words: Lvhua Island; seaweed beds; macroalgae; macrozoobenthos; growth stages; environmental factors
SUN Jianing , WANG Yuqing , ZHANG Shouyu , WANG Kai . Structure of macrobenthic community in the seaweed beds of Lvhua Island waters and its response to environmental factors[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(4) : 119 -135 . DOI: 10.11978/2024188
图3 不同生长时期及不同站点大型底栖生物种类组成图3b中M、D、X、J、B、Y分别代表MTS、DLHS、XLH、MDS、DLHN、YBD六个采样站点; 8、11、6分别代表幼苗期、生长期、茂盛期三个时期 Fig. 3 Composition of macrozoobenthos species at different growth stages and sampling stations. In Fig. 3b, the letters M, D, X, J, B, and Y represent the six sampling stations: MTS, DLHS, XLH, MDS, DLHN, and YBD, respectively. The numbers 8, 11, and 6 correspond to the three growth stages: seedling stage, growth stage, and flourishing stage |
表1 海藻场大型底栖生物优势种时空分布Tab. 1 Spatiotemporal distribution of dominant macrobenthic species in seaweed beds |
| 站点 | 时期 | 优势种和重要种 |
|---|---|---|
| MTS | 幼苗期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、锈凹螺Chlorostoma rustica、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei |
| 生长期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、珊瑚藻 Corallina officinalis、锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma | |
| 茂盛期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei | |
| DLHS | 幼苗期 | **铜藻 Sargassum horneri、鼠尾藻 Sargassum thunbergii、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei |
| 生长期 | 铜藻 Sargassum horneri、**珊瑚藻 Corallina officinalis、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、 黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei | |
| 茂盛期 | **铜藻 Sargassum horneri、羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、 黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei | |
| XLH | 幼苗期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei |
| 生长期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei | |
| 茂盛期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、囊藻 Colpomenia sinuosa、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei | |
| MDS | 幼苗期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei |
| 生长期 | **瓦氏马尾藻Sargassum vachellianum、 珊瑚藻Corallina officinalis、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma | |
| 茂盛期 | **瓦氏马尾藻 Sargassum vachellianum、羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、**锈凹螺Chlorostoma rusticum、**紫海胆 Anthocidaris crassispina、 黄口荔枝螺 Thais luteostoma、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei | |
| DLHN | 幼苗期 | **羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、鼠尾藻 Sargassum thunbergii、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei |
| 生长期 | **羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、鼠尾藻 Sargassum thunbergii、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei、疣荔枝螺 Reishia clavigera | |
| 茂盛期 | **羊栖菜 Sargassum fusiforme、鼠尾藻 Sargassum thunbergii、**锈凹螺 Chlorostoma rusticum、甲虫螺 Cantharus cecillei、疣荔枝螺 Reishia clavigera | |
| YBD | 幼苗期 | 石莼 Ulva lactuca L.、铜藻 Sargassum horneri、舌状蜈蚣藻 Grateloupia livida、瘤荔枝螺 Thais bronni、麦秆虫Caprella septentrionalis |
| 生长期 | **密毛沙菜 Hypnea boergesenii、裂片石莼 Ulva fasciata | |
| 茂盛期 | **铜藻 Sargassum horneri、密毛沙菜 Hypnea boergesenii、石莼 Ulva lactuca L. |
注: **为各站点优势种(优势度IRI≥1000), 其余为各站点重要种(优势度IRI为100~1000) |
图4 不同生长时期大型底栖生物各类群平均丰度(a)和平均生物量组成(c)、各站点平均丰度(b)和平均生物量分布(d)图b、d基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2024)0650号的标准地图制作 Fig. 4 Variations in macrozoobenthos groups: Average abundance (a) and average biomass composition (c) during different growth periods; average abundance (b) and average biomass (d) distribution across stations |
图6 大型底栖生物群落结构的PCoA与ANOSIM分析a与c为三个时期大型底栖生物群落结构差异的分析与差异检验; b与d分别为六个站点大型底栖生物群落结构差异的分析与差异检验 Fig. 6 PCoA and ANOSIM analyses of macrobenthic community structure. (a, c) Analysis and difference testing of the macrobenthic community structure differences across three periods; (b, d) analysis and difference testing of the macrobenthic community structure differences among six sites, respectively |
表2 不同站点和生长时期中4种环境因子的显著性检验Tab. 2 ANOVA significance tests of four environmental factors among different stations and growth stages |
| 站点 | 生长时期 | T/℃ | S/‰ | pH | DO/(mg·L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MTS | 幼苗期 | 26.50±0.34 | 28.25±0.26 | 9.54±0.05 | 9.10±0.28 |
| 生长期 | 22.10±0.49 | 27.82±0.31 | 9.35±0.06 | 8.37±0.46 | |
| 茂盛期 | 23.51±0.15 | 28.42±0.37 | 9.27±0.06 | 7.30±0.14 | |
| DLHS | 幼苗期 | 26.91±0.18 | 28.10±0.15 | 9.57±0.04 | 7.02±0.31 |
| 生长期 | 21.97±0.13 | 27.76±0.36 | 9.33±0.06 | 8.27±0.37 | |
| 茂盛期 | 26.27±0.16 | 28.55±0.36 | 9.43±0.03 | 9.00±0.36 | |
| XLH | 幼苗期 | 26.70±0.24 | 27.21±0.19 | 9.43±0.03 | 9.00±0.11 |
| 生长期 | 21.30±0.40 | 27.65±0.36 | 9.20±0.01 | 8.37±0.32 | |
| 茂盛期 | 23.42±0.42 | 28.15±0.37 | 8.97±0.09 | 7.14±0.30 | |
| MDS | 幼苗期 | 27.40±0.18 | 28.21±0.36 | 9.46±0.04 | 9.10±0.18 |
| 生长期 | 21.50±0.35 | 27.54±0.11 | 9.31±0.06 | 8.32±0.46 | |
| 茂盛期 | 23.47±0.41 | 28.39±0.20 | 9.16±0.02 | 7.22±0.12 | |
| DLHN | 幼苗期 | 25.54±0.19 | 28.42±0.43 | 9.29±0.07 | 9.00±0.25 |
| 生长期 | 20.54±0.39 | 26.74±0.34 | 9.18±0.04 | 8.32±0.45 | |
| 茂盛期 | 25.64±0.11 | 28.38±0.15 | 9.09±0.01 | 9.22±0.15 | |
| YBD | 幼苗期 | 26.50±0.27 | 27.17±0.38 | 9.14±0.09 | 9.23±0.49 |
| 生长期 | 21.50±0.26 | 27.16±0.39 | 9.08±0.03 | 8.23±0.41 | |
| 茂盛期 | 21.96±0.16 | 27.45±0.14 | 9.06±0.04 | 7.21±0.45 | |
| ANOVA | P<0.05 | P<0.05 | P<0.05 | P=0.42 |
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