Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Discussion on classification methods of clastic sediment suitable for marine sand exploration
Received date: 2025-02-25
Revised date: 2025-04-11
Online published: 2025-04-15
Supported by
Financial Project of Hainan Province, China(46000025T000001444979)
Financial Project of Hainan Province, China(46000021T000000002276)
Financial Project of Hainan Province, China(T100732)
Open Project of Hainan Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources and Environment(24-HNHYDZZYHJKF044)
Over the past decade, there has been a surge in marine sand exploration and the public transfer of marine sand mining rights. Approximately 390 million cubic meters of marine sand resources have been transferred in the coastal regions of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian. However, the classification of marine sand sediments remains challenging due to the variety of methods in use and the lack of a mature, unified classification system. Addressing this urgent technical issue, we propose a suitable classification method for marine sand sediments based on exploration practices in the waters surrounding Hainan Island. By comparing different classification methods and their application effects, this proposed scheme is represented by a diamond diagram, categorizing nine sediment types: gravel (G), sandy gravel (sG), muddy gravel (mG), gravel sand (gS), gravel mud (gM), sand (S), muddy sand (mS), sandy mud (sM), and mud (M). Additionally, a subdivision scheme has been introduced to align closely with the Folk classification method. This classification scheme is both descriptive and explanatory, concise, and emphasizes the significance of each grain grade's content, including gravel, sand, silt, and clay. It ensures practicality for sediment classification and paves the way for further laboratory research.
Key words: marine sand; clastic sediments; classification; diamond diagram
LIN Mingzhi , CHEN Bo , CHEN Yang . Discussion on classification methods of clastic sediment suitable for marine sand exploration[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(6) : 165 -175 . DOI: 10.11978/2025029
表1 本文的海砂沉积物分类命名Tab. 1 Classification and naming of marine sand sediments in this paper |
| 沉积物类型 | 分类依据 | 沉积物细分类型 | 细分依据 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 砾 | 砾≥80% | 砾 | |
| 砂质砾 | 砾≥30%, 砂/粉土≥1 | 砂质砾、泥质砂质砾 | 砂/粉土比值9:1 |
| 泥质砾 | 砾≥30%, 砂/粉土<1 | 泥质砾 | |
| 砾质砂 | 0%<砾<30%, 砂/粉土≥1 | 砾质砂、砾质泥质砂、含砾砂、含砾泥质砂 | 砂/粉土比值9:1 |
| 砾质泥 | 0%<砾<30%, 砂/粉土<1 | 砾质泥、含砾泥 | 砂/粉土比值9:1 |
| 砂 | 砂≥90% | 砂 | |
| 泥质砂 | 50%≤砂<90% | 粉砂质砂、泥质砂、黏土质砂 | 粉砂/黏土比值2:1和1:2 |
| 砂质泥 | 10%≤砂<50% | 砂质粉砂、砂质泥、砂质黏土 | 粉砂/黏土比值2:1和1:2 |
| 泥 | 砂<10% | 粉砂、泥、黏土 | 粉砂/黏土比值2:1和1:2 |
表2 本文的海砂沉积物分类与Folk分类对比Tab. 2 Comparison between the classification of marine sand sediments in this paper and Folk’s classification |
| 本文的沉积物类型 | Folk分类沉积物类型 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 简分类型 | 细分类型 | 含砾分类 | 不含砾分类 |
| 砾(G) | 砾(G) | 砾(G) | |
| 砂质砾(sG) | 砂质砾(sG) | 砂质砾(sG) | |
| 泥质砂质砾(msG) | 泥质砂质砾(msG) | ||
| 泥质砾(mG) | 泥质砾(mG) | 泥质砾(mG) | |
| 砾质砂(gS) | 砾质砂(gS) | 砾质砂(gS) | |
| 砾质泥质砂(gmS) | 砾质泥质砂(gmS) | ||
| 含砾砂((g)S) | 含砾砂((g)S) | ||
| 含砾泥质砂((g)mS) | 含砾泥质砂((g)mS) | ||
| 砾质泥(gM) | 砾质泥(gM) | 砾质泥(gM) | |
| 含砾泥((g)m) | 含砾泥((g)m) | ||
| 砂(S) | 砂(S) | 砂(S) | 砂(S) |
| 泥质砂(mS) | 粉砂质砂(zS) | 泥质砂(mS) | 粉砂质砂(zS) |
| 泥质砂(mS) | 泥质砂(mS) | 泥质砂(mS) | |
| 黏土质砂(cS) | 泥质砂(mS) | 黏土质砂(cS) | |
| 砂质泥(sM) | 砂质粉砂(sZ) | 砂质泥(sM) | 砂质粉砂(sZ) |
| 砂质泥(sM) | 砂质泥(sM) | 砂质泥(sM) | |
| 砂质黏土(sC) | 砂质泥(sM) | 砂质黏土(sC) | |
| 泥(M) | 粉砂(Z) | 泥(M) | 粉砂(Z) |
| 泥(M) | 泥(M) | 泥(M) | |
| 黏土(C) | 泥(M) | 黏土(C) | |
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