Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Multi-peak characteristics and cause analysis of tidal levels in Guanghai Bay
Received date: 2025-03-15
Revised date: 2025-04-25
Online published: 2025-05-09
Supported by
Youth Innovation Project of CCCC(2024-ZJKJ-QNCX28)
During the summer tide observation near Guanghai Bay (GB) in 2024, it was found that there were multiple peaks during low-high tide periods in the area. This abnormal tidal characteristics have caused certain difficulties for engineering applications. The causes of this multi-peak phenomenon were explored through tidal level reconstruction, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. The main reason is believed to be the high proportion of quarter-diurnal tidal components in this sea area. The interaction among diurnal, semi-diurnal, and quarter-diurnal tidal components leads to this multi-peak occurrence. By modifying factors such as tidal boundaries, nearshore water depth, and topography, numerical models were constructed to explore the reasons for the large amplitude of M4 tidal component. The results indicate that the background amplitude of M4 tidal component near GB is generally large, with the amplitude ratio of M4/M2 approaching the critical condition for multi-peak phenomena. The unique island and nearshore shallow topography further increase the amplitude of shallow-water tidal components in GB, forming the observed multi-peak phenomenon at the low-high tide. The research explains the multi-peak tidal level phenomenon in this sea area and provides theoretical support for the application of tidal levels in ecological protection, navigation, and nearshore engineering in nearby waters.
QIAO Guangquan , XU Rungang . Multi-peak characteristics and cause analysis of tidal levels in Guanghai Bay[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2025 , 44(6) : 12 -20 . DOI: 10.11978/2025044
图1 潮位观测站位置示意图该图基于广东省标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2024) 0568-甲测资字44100039的标准地图制作, 底图无修改 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the location of the tidal observation stations |
表1 不同测点的调和常数Tab. 1 Tidal harmonic constants at different stations |
| 分潮 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 振幅/cm | 迟角/° | 振幅/cm | 迟角/° | 振幅/cm | 迟角/° | |
| Q1 | 8.5 | 148 | 8.5 | 143 | 8 | 141 |
| O1 | 40.8 | 151 | 40.2 | 148 | 38.2 | 145 |
| K1 | 47 | 191 | 45.9 | 188 | 44.7 | 185 |
| P1 | 14.9 | 186 | 14.6 | 183 | 14.1 | 180 |
| N2 | 12.6 | 60 | 11.7 | 53 | 11.3 | 51 |
| M2 | 62.6 | 64 | 59.7 | 58 | 55.8 | 54 |
| S2 | 32 | 94 | 29.8 | 88 | 27.2 | 83 |
| K2 | 9.1 | 97 | 8.5 | 91 | 7.7 | 86 |
| MN4 | 1.5 | 61 | 2.6 | 16 | 5.1 | 350 |
| M4 | 4.4 | 60 | 7.8 | 24 | 14.2 | 7 |
| MS4 | 2.6 | 149 | 4.1 | 104 | 8.8 | 78 |
| M6 | 0.6 | 221 | 0.6 | 9 | 2.8 | 94 |
图4 临界振幅比${{\alpha }_{\text{c}}}$与迟角差$\Delta \phi $、母潮相位$\theta $的关系a. 三者关系; b.${{\alpha }_{\text{c}}}$与$\theta $的关系; c.${{\alpha }_{\text{c}}}$与$\Delta \phi $的关系 Fig. 4 The relationship between critical amplitude ratio ${{\alpha }_{\text{c}}}$, phase lag difference $\Delta \phi $, and parental tide phase $\theta $. (a) Relationship among the three; (b) relationship between ${{\alpha }_{\text{c}}}$ and $\theta $; (c) relationship between ${{\alpha }_{\text{c}}}$ and $\Delta \phi $ |
表2 不同算例参数表Tab. 2 Parameters for different cases |
| 边界分潮数量 | 地形 | 岛屿 | 节点数 | 网格数 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 算例1 | 13个 | 自然地形 | 保留 | 41451 | 79956 |
| 算例2 | 9个(无浅水分潮) | 自然地形 | 保留 | ||
| 算例3 | 13个 | 等深线与海岸大致平行 | 保留 | ||
| 算例4 | 13个 | 等深线与海岸大致平行 | 取消 | 25603 | 49393 |
表3 调和常数验证结果Tab. 3 Verification results of harmonic constants |
| 分潮 | 振幅/cm | 迟角/° | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||||||
| 数模 | 误差 | 数模 | 误差 | 数模 | 误差 | 数模 | 误差 | 数模 | 误差 | 数模 | 误差 | |
| Q1 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 8.8 | 0.3 | 7.8 | -0.2 | 149 | 1 | 144 | 1 | 148 | 7 |
| O1 | 41.3 | 0.5 | 41.3 | 1.1 | 39.9 | 1.7 | 152 | 1 | 147 | -1 | 148 | 3 |
| K1 | 46.7 | -0.3 | 46.7 | 0.8 | 43.9 | -0.8 | 191 | 0 | 187 | -1 | 187 | 2 |
| P1 | 15.1 | 0.2 | 15.1 | 0.5 | 14.0 | -0.1 | 186 | 0 | 182 | -1 | 181 | 1 |
| N2 | 13.1 | 0.5 | 12.1 | 0.4 | 11.7 | 0.4 | 59 | -1 | 60 | 7 | 52 | 1 |
| M2 | 62.3 | -0.3 | 62.3 | 2.6 | 57.1 | 1.3 | 63 | -1 | 62 | 4 | 58 | 4 |
| S2 | 33.0 | 1.8 | 31.8 | 2.0 | 26.9 | -0.3 | 93 | -1 | 91 | 3 | 81 | -2 |
| K2 | 10.0 | 0.9 | 10.0 | 1.5 | 7.9 | 0.2 | 96 | -1 | 93 | 2 | 84 | -2 |
| MN4 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 4.9 | -0.2 | 59 | -2 | 22 | 6 | 354 | 4 |
| M4 | 5.0 | 0.6 | 8.5 | 0.7 | 14.5 | 0.3 | 61 | 1 | 23 | -1 | 358 | -9 |
| MS4 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 7.0 | -1.8 | 151 | 2 | 110 | 6 | 83 | 5 |
| M6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 223 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 97 | 3 |
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