The temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer ( T e ) is very important to improve El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO ) simulations and modulated ENSO decadal variability. Based on an intermediate coupled model (ICM) and nudging data assimilation method, a long-term monthly-mean Te dataset is reconstructed over the tropical Pacific for the period of 1856 - 2008. The verification results show that the reconstructed Te data have high correlations and small root mean square (RMS) errors with three analysis Te dataset in the last 50 years. Also, the simulated sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from the ICM, forced by the reconstructed Te dataset, can simulate realistic interannual and decadal variability of ENSO very well. This indicates that the reconstructed Te dataset is useful for climate research, especially for the large-scale low frequency or decadal variability of ENSO .
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