Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
The temporal and spatial evolution of chlorophyll-a concentration in the South China Sea
Received date: 2011-12-01
Revised date: 2012-02-10
Online published: 2012-10-24
Based on nearly 13 years’ SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration data, the authors analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of Chl-a in the South China Sea (SCS) using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF). The first four EOF modes captured the major features of Chl-a in the SCS. EOF1 describes the fundamental variation of Chl-a with higher concentration over the shallow water and lower concentration over the deep basin. EOF2 presents a high Chl-a concentration band extending eastward from the South Vietnam coast in summer, which is related to the coastal upwelling. In addition to its distinct seasonal variation, this EOF mode also shows a significant interannual variability associated with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation events (ENSO). EOF3 discloses the evidence that the Chl-a concentration increases with the enhancement of northeasterly monsoon in winter. The Chl-a concentration is characterized by high values north of the NE-SW axis and reaches its maximum to the northwest of Luzon Island. Unlike the first three EOF modes, EOF4 reveals a semi-annual variability of Chl-a with a tri-pole structure, which corresponds very well with the spatial distribution of sea surface height.
LIU Xin , WANG Jing , CHENG Xu-hua , YAN Tong . The temporal and spatial evolution of chlorophyll-a concentration in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2012 , 31(4) : 42 -48 . DOI: 10.11978/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.04.006
BABIN S M, CARTON J A, DICKEY T D, et al. Satellite evidence of hurricane-induced phytoplankton blooms in an oceanic desert[J]. J Geophys Res, 2004, 109: C03043.
LIN I, LIU W T, WU C C, et al. New evidence for enhanced ocean primary production triggered by tropical cyclone[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2003, 30(13): 1718-1721.
WALKER N D, LEBEN R R, BALASUBRAMANIAN S. Hurricane-forced upwelling and chlorophyll a enhancement within cold-core cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2005, 32(18): L18610.
ZHAO H, TANG D L, WANG Y Q. Comparison of phytoplankton blooms triggered by two typhoons with different intensities and translation speeds in the South China Sea[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2008, 365: 57-65.
LIU K K, CHAO S Y, SHAW P T, et al. Monsoon-forced chlorophyll distribution and primary production in the South China Sea: observations and a numerical study[J]. Deep-Sea ResearchⅠ, 2002, 49(8): 1387-1412.
NING X, LIN C, HAO Q, et al. Long term changes in the ecosystem in the northern South China Sea during 1976–2004[J]. Biogeosciences, 2009, 6(10): 2227–2243.
ZHAO H, TANG D L. Effect of 1998 El Nino on the distribution of phytoplankton in the South China Sea[J]. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112: C02017.
FERRARI R F, R. A frontal challenge for climate models[J]. Science, 2011, 332(6027): 316-317.
ALLEN C B, KANDA J, LAWS E A. New production and photosynthetic rates within and outside a cyclonic mesoscale eddy in the North Pacific subtropical gyre[J]. Deep-Sea Research Ⅰ, 1996, 43(6): 917-936.
BIGGS D C, MULLERKARGER F E. Ship and satellite-observations of chlorophyll stocks in interacting cyclone-anticyclone eddy pairs in the western Gulf-of-Mexico[J]. J Geophys Res, 1994, 99(C4): 7371-7384.
CHEN C C, SHIAH F K, CHUNG S W, et al. Winter phytoplankton blooms in the shallow mixed layer of the South China Sea enhanced by upwelling[J]. J Marine Syst, 2006, 59(1-2): 97-110.
XIE S P, XIE Q, WANG D X, et al. Summer upwelling in the South China Sea and its role in regional climate variations[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(C8): 3261-3273.
陈楚群, 施平, 毛庆文. 南海海域叶绿素浓度分布特征的卫星遥感分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2001, 20(2): 66-70.
赵辉, 齐义泉, 王东晓,等. 南海叶绿素浓度季节变化及空间分布特征研究[J]. 海洋学报:中文版, 2005, 27(4): 9-14.
张彤辉, 詹海刚, 陈楚群. 南海表层叶绿素的空间变异分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2007, 26(5): 9-14.
TANG D L, NI I H, KESTER D R, et al. Remote sensing observations of winter phytoplankton blooms southwest of the Luzon Strait in the South China Sea[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 1999, 191: 43-51.
PENAFLOR E L, VILLANOY C L, LIU C T, et al. Detection of monsoonal phytoplankton blooms in Luzon Strait with MODIS data[J]. Remote Sens Environ, 2007, 109(4): 443-450.
WANG J J, TANG D L, SUI Y. Winter phytoplankton bloom induced by subsurface upwelling and mixed layer entrainment southwest of Luzon Strait[J]. J Marine Syst, 2010, 83(3-4): 141-149.
CHEN Y L L, CHEN H Y, LIN I I, et al. Effects of cold eddy on phytoplankton production and assemblages in Luzon Strait bordering the South China Sea[J]. J Oceanogr, 2007, 63(4): 671-683.
TANG D L, KAWAMURA H, DOAN-NHU H, et al. Remote sensing oceanography of a harmful algal bloom off the coast of southeastern Vietnam[J]. J Geophys Res, 2004, 109: C03014.
FANG W D, HSIEH W W. Summer sea-surface temperature variability off Vancouver-Island from satellite data[J]. J Geophys Res, 1993, 98(C8): 14391-14400.
KELLY K A. The influence of winds and topography on the sea-surface temperature patterns over the northern California Slope[J]. J Geophys Res, 1985, 90(C6): 11783-11798.
LAGERLOEF G S E, BERNSTEIN R L. Empirical orthogonal function-analysis of advanced very high-resolution radiometer surface-temperature patterns in Santa-Barbara Channel[J]. J Geophys Res, 1988, 93(C6): 6863-6873.
SHAW P T, CHAO S Y, FU L L. Sea surface height variations in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry[J]. Oceanol Acta, 1999, 22(1): 1-17.
TANG S L, DONG Q, LIU F F. Climate-driven chlorophyll-a concentration interannual variability in the South China Sea[J]. Theor Appl Climatol, 2011, 103(1-2): 229-237.
NORTH G R, BELL T L, CAHALAN R F, et al. Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal functions[J]. Mon Weather Rev, 1982, 110(7): 699-706.
KUO N J, ZHENG Q, HO C R. Response of Vietnam coastal upwelling to the 1997-1998 ENSO event observed by multisensor data[J]. Remote Sens Environ, 2004, 89(1): 106-115.
WANG C Z, WANG W Q, WANG D X, et al. Interannual variability of the South China Sea associated with El Nino[J]. J Geophys Res, 2006, 111: C03023.
FANG W D, GUO J J, SHI P, et al. Low frequency variability of South China Sea surface circulation from 11 years of satellite altimeter data[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2006, 33(22): L22612.
WANG G H, CHEN D K, SU J L. Generation and life cycle of the dipole in the South China Sea summer circulation[J]. J Geophys Res, 2006, 111: C06002.
SUN L, YANG Y J, XIAN T, et al. Strong enhancement of chlorophyll a concentration by a weak typhoon[J]. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2010, 404: 39-50.
ZHENG Z W, HO C R, KUO N J. Importance of pre-existing oceanic conditions to upper ocean response induced by Super Typhoon Hai-Tang[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(20): L20603.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
