Search
E-mail
RSS

Online submission Editor-in-chief Peer review Staff Login

Journal of Tropical Oceanography >

2016 , Vol. 35 >Issue 4: 95 - 101

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11978/2015117

Marine Geophysics

Effects on the results of seafloor heat flow measurements by probe tilt

  • XU Ziying ,
  • YANG Xiaoqiu ,
  • SHI Xiaobin ,
  • ZENG Xin ,
  • ZHAO Junfeng ,
  • YU Chuanhai
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China

Received date: 2015-09-01

  Online published: 2016-08-04

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China (41106086, 41474065); The Key laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources (KLMMR-2013-A-10); The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11040303); The Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (YZ201136), and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SQ201007); China Geological Survey Program (GZH201400202, 1212010611302); The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (“863”Program) (2009AA09A201-05); The Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (MSGL09-08, MSGL12-08)

Fold

Abstract

It is well known that probe tilt is one of error sources of seafloor heat flow measurements. And the error can never be neglected when the probe tilt becomes greater. Recently, we found that the probe tilts were more than 10° at over half of the 87 seafloor heat flow measurement stations in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, where the probe tilts were recorded simultaneously. Thus, we obtained a quantitative relationship between probe tilt and the errors of thermal gradient and heat flow. Based on this relationship, we learned that the relative error, which is within 2%, can be neglected when the probe tilt is within 10 degrees. But at terrible operation conditions, especially the bad state of the sea, the tilt is perhaps up to 15~20 degrees, the relative error can be up to about 5%, and will increase nonlinearly and swiftly with probe tilt. We suggest that the inclinometer should be attached when we carry out seafloor heat flow measurements. Then, we should make tilt correction for the seafloor thermal gradient and heat flow if possible.

Key words： Seafloor heat flow; Thermal gradient; Probe tilt; Relative error; South China Sea; Indian Ocean

Cite this article

XU Ziying , YANG Xiaoqiu , SHI Xiaobin , ZENG Xin , ZHAO Junfeng , YU Chuanhai . Effects on the results of seafloor heat flow measurements by probe tilt[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2016 , 35(4) : 95 -101 . DOI: 10.11978/2015117

References

[1] 王家生, 王永标, 李清, 2007. 海洋极端环境微生物活动与油气资源关系[J]. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 32(6): 781-788. WANG JIASHENG, WANG YONGBIAO, LI QING, 2007. Potential relationship between extremophiles and hydrocarbon resources in marine extreme environment[J]. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 32(6): 781-788 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2] 徐行, 施小斌, 罗贤虎, 等, 2006. 南海西沙海槽地区的海底热流测量[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 26(4): 51-58. XU XING, SHI XIAOBIN, LUO XIANHU, et al, 2006. Heat flow measurements in the Xisha trough of the South China Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 26(4): 51-58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[3] 杨小秋, 张志刚, 施小斌, 等, 2013. 海底原位热流探测技术的改进[C] // 中国地球物理学会. 中国地球物理2013——第二十八专题论文集. 昆明:《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》电子杂志社, 44.
[4] BULLARD E C, 1945. Thermal history of the Earth[J]. Nature, 156(3950): 35-36.
[5] BULLARD E C, 1954. Heat-flow through the floor of the ocean[J]. Deep Sea Research, 1(2): 65-66.
[6] BULLARD E C, DAY A, 1961. The flow of heat through the floor of the Atlantic Ocean[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 4(S1): 282-292.
[7] DAVIS E E, VILLINGER H, MCDONALD R D, et al, 1997. A robust rapid-response probe for measuring bottom-hole temperatures in deep-ocean boreholes[J]. Marine Geophysical Researches, 19(3): 267-281.
[8] DICKENS G R, 2003. Rethinking the global carbon cycle with a large, dynamic and microbially mediated gas hydrate capacitor[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 213(3-4): 169-183.
[9] HE LIJUAN, WANG JIYANG, XU XING, et al, 2009. Disparity between measured and BSR heat flow in the Xisha Trough of the South China Sea and its implications for the methane hydrate[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34(6): 771-780.
[10] HENRYS S A, ELLIS S, URUSKI C, 2003. Conductive heat flow variations from bottom-simulating reflectors on the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(2): 1065, doi:10.1029/2002GL015772.
[11] HESS H H, 1962. History of ocean basins[M]//ENGEL A E J, JAMES H L, LEONARD B F. Petrologic studies: a volume in honor of A. F. Buddington. New York: Geological Society of America: 599-620.
[12] HORAI K, VON HERZEN R P, 1985. Measurement of heat flow on leg 86 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project[R/OL]//HEATH G R, BURCKLE L H. Initial reports of the deep sea drilling project, Volume LXXXVI. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office: 759-777. [2015-09-01].
1)http://www.deepseadrilling.org/86/volume/dsdp86_35.pdf.
[13] HYNDMAN R D, FOUCHER J P, YAMANO M, et al, 1992. Deep sea bottom-simulating-reflectors: calibration of the base of the hydrate stability field as used for heat flow estimates[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 109(3-4): 289-301.
[14] KAUL N, ROSENBERGER A, VILLINGER H, 2000. Comparison of measured and BSR-derived heat flow values, Makran accretionary prism, Pakistan[J]. Marine Geology, 164(1-2): 37-51.
[15] KVENVOLDEN K A, 1993. Gas hydrates-geological perspective and global change[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 31(2): 173-187.
[16] LEE W H K, 1966. The present state of heat flow observations[J]. Bulletin Volcanologique, 29(1): 313-325.
[17] LI YAMIN, LUO XIANHU, XU XING, et al, 2010. Seafloor in-situ heat flow measurements in the deep-water areas of the northern slope, South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 53(5): 774-783.
[18] LISTER C R B, SCLATER J G, DAVIS E E, et al, 1990. Heat flow maintained in ocean basins of great age: investigations in the north-equatorial West Pacific[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 102(3): 603-628.
[19] MARTIN W, BAROSS J, KELLEY D, et al, 2008. Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 6(11): 805-814.
[20] PFENDER M, VILLINGER H, 2002. Miniaturized data loggers for deep sea sediment temperature gradient measurements[J]. Marine Geology, 186(3-4): 557-570
[21] QIN YANGYANG, YANG XIAOQIU, WU BAOZHEN, et al, 2013. High resolution temperature measurement technique for measuring marine heat flow[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 56(7): 1773-1778.
[22] REVELLE R, MAXWELL A E, 1952. Heat flow through the floor of the eastern North Pacific Ocean[J]. Nature, 170(4318): 199-200.
[23] SHYU C T, CHEN Y J, CHIANG S T, et al, 2006. Heat flow measurements over bottom simulating reflectors, offshore southwestern Taiwan[J]. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 17(4): 845-869.
[24] SULTAN N, COCHONAT P, FOUCHER J-P, et al, 2004. Effect of gas hydrates melting on seafloor slope instability[J]. Marine Geology, 231(1-4): 379-401.
[25] VILLINGER H, DAVIS E E, 1987. A new reduction algorithm for marine heat flow measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92(B12): 12846-12856.
[26] WANG K, HYNDMAN R D, DAVIS E E, 1993. Thermal effects of sediment thickening and fluid expulsion in accretionary prisms: model and parameter analysis[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B6): 9975-9984.
[27] WESSEL P, SMITH W H F, 1995. New version of the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) version 3.0 released[J]. EOS, 76(33): 329.
[28] YAMANO M, UYEDA S, AOKI Y, et al, 1982. Estimates of heat flow derived from gas hydrates[J]. Geology, 10(7): 339-343.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉