Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
Research progress on ocean trench sedimentation
Received date: 2017-01-23
Request revised date: 2017-08-14
Online published: 2018-01-18
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Plan (2016YFC0402602)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41376054, 41176039, 41410304022, 91628301, U1606401)
Public Welfare Project of the State Oceanic Administration (201405037)
Chinese Academy of Sciences Project (QYZDY-SSW-DQC005, Y4SL021001)
Copyright
Under its own gravitational weight and interaction with the overriding plate, a subducting oceanic plate bends significantly, leading to the formation of a deep trench. Here the subducted plate brings sediments into the mantle depths, constituting an important part of the global cycling of Earth materials. At the extreme environment of the deep ocean trench, the sedimentation processes differ significantly from that in a continental shelf or a shallow water zone. In general, the sediment provenances, environments, and mechanisms are much more complex at ocean trenches. Sediment sources at trenches are linked strongly to trench tectonics including, for example, the formation of accretionary wedges composing of deep sea sediments scraped off the overriding plate; turbidity deposits triggered by trench gravity sliding and seismic events; and volcanic deposits. Meanwhile, trench sediment is also controlled by other sedimentation mechanisms, including biochemical sedimentation and funneling effect. As a result of the funneling effect, trench sediment deposition rate is typically faster and thus thickness is greater than that at abyssal basins. Trench sediment thickness, however, varies significantly both within a trench and between trenches. The differences in the sedimentation mechanism and process affect the properties of trench sediments, including sediment grain-size, mineralogy, and biology. This paper examined intra- and inter-trenches variations in sediment thickness, grain-size, mineral composition, and biological characteristics. Several trench sedimentation mechanisms were examined, including gravity sliding, seismically-induced turbidity deposit, volcanic activity, biochemical sedimentation, and funneling effect. We also discussed the current research focuses in trench sedimentation research and the outlook of future investigations.
XIAO Chunhui , WANG Yonghong , LIN Jian . Research progress on ocean trench sedimentation[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2017 , 36(6) : 27 -38 . DOI: 10.11978/2017012
Fig. 1 Two types (A-A#cod#x02032;: Mariana type; B-B#cod#x02032;: Chile type) of active continental margins. Terrain data source: Becker et al (2009)图1 两种大陆活动边缘类型(A#cod#x02014;A#cod#x02032;: 马里亚纳型; B#cod#x02014;B#cod#x02032;: 智利型) 地形数据来源: Becker 等(2009) |
Fig. 2 Global distribution of trenches图2 全球海沟分布图 |
Fig. 3 Schematics of sedimentary types at different trenches (adapted from Scholl, 1974)图3 不同海沟内充填的沉积物类型示意图(改自Scholl, 1974) |
Table 1 Variation of median grain size with depth in trench sediments表1 海沟沉积物中值粒径随深度变化情况 |
水深/m | 沉积物中值粒径/#cod#x003bc;m | ||
---|---|---|---|
千岛海沟 (Itoh et al, 2011) | 马里亚纳海沟 (朱坤杰 等, 2015) | 秘鲁#cod#x02014;智利海沟 (Danovaro et al, 2002) | |
#cod#x0003C; 2000 | 16~54 | #cod#x02014; | 100~250 |
3000~5000 | 10~16 | 4~63 | #cod#x02014; |
#cod#x0003E; 5000 | <10 | #cod#x02014; | #cod#x02014; |
#cod#x0003E; 7000 | <5 | #cod#x02014; | 30 |
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