Journal of Tropical Oceanography >
On the generation and propagation of internal tides in the Indonesian Seas
Received date: 2017-05-22
Request revised date: 2017-10-18
Online published: 2018-04-11
Supported by
The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (MOST) (2014CB953904)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010304)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41376021, 41676016, 41521005)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (20150217)
Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201607020043)
Copyright
The generation and propagation of internal tides in the Indonesian Seas are investigated by using a three-dimensional ocean model of MITgcm. We find that diurnal tides prevail in the Sulawesi Sea and in the northwestern Pacific, whereas semi-diurnal tides are dominant in the Makassar Strait, Ombai Strait, Timor Sea, and northeastern Indian Ocean. The normalized amplitude of internal tides maximizes near the thermocline in the Sulawesi Sea, Makassar Strait, Ombai Strait, Maluku Sea, Banda Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean, and northwestern Pacific with values of about 20~40 m, whereas it maximizes near the depth of 200 m in the Timor Sea with a value of about 25~30 m. The Sangihe Sill, Seram Sea, Ombai Strait, and Timor Sea are the four major sites of internal tide generation, where the depth-integrated baroclinic energy flux reaches 40 kW·m-1. The internal tide energy in the Sulu Sea is mainly generated from the conversion of local barotropic tides, whereas that in the Sulawesi Sea and Banda Sea is from remotely generated internal tides.
Key words: Indonesian Seas; barotropic tide; internal tide; energy flux
LIU Yi , WANG Xiaowei , PENG Shiqiu . On the generation and propagation of internal tides in the Indonesian Seas[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018 , 37(2) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.11978/2017059
Fig.1 Bathymetry of the Indonesian Seas图1 印尼海区地形分布图 |
Fig. 2 Scatter diagram between barotropic model results and tidal station data. |
Fig. 3 Depth-integrated barotropic energy flux in the barotropic tide model for M2 (a) and K1 (b) tide, respectively图3 正压潮模式中M2分潮(a)和K1分潮(b)的垂向积分正压潮能通量矢量(箭头)及量值(颜色) |
Tab. 1 The location of each site表1 各站点位置 |
站点 | 经度 | 纬度 | 所属海区 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 128°E | 6°S | 班达海 |
2 | 115°E | 12°S | 东北印度洋 |
3 | 125°36′E | 6°S | 翁拜海峡 |
4 | 118°E | 3°42′S | 望加锡海峡 |
5 | 126°E | 2°N | 马鲁古海 |
6 | 125°24′E | 9°30′S | 帝汶海 |
7 | 121°E | 3°N | 苏拉威西海 |
8 | 14°E | 10°N | 西北太平洋 |
Fig. 4 Temporal variations of ocean temperature (units: ℃) (left panels) and the WKB (Wentzel- Kramers-Brilloui)-scaled magnitude of isotherm vertical displacement in each layer (units: m) (right panels) of the sites in the Maluku Sea(a), Makassar Strait(b), Ombai Strait(c), Banda Sea(d), Timor Passage(e), Sulawesi Sea(f), Indian Ocean(g), and Pacific Ocean(h)图4 马鲁古海(a)、望加锡海峡(b)、翁拜海峡(c)、班达海(d)、帝汶通道(e)、苏拉威西海(f)、印度洋(g)和太平洋(h)上各站位温度(℃)随时间的变化(左)以及WKB(Wentzel- Kramers-Brilloui)方法校正后各水深等温线起伏的振幅(右) |
Fig. 5 Near-surface pressure perturbation in the experiments of internal tides forced by four combined tides (units: Pa). The gray contour represents the isobath of 200 m图5 混合分潮驱动实验的近表面脉动压强 |
Fig. 6 Depth-integrated conversion rate from barotropic to internal tides (a), energy flux of internal tides (b) and the divergence of energy flux of internal tides (c)图6 混合分潮实验中垂向积分的正压潮向内潮的转化率(a)(单位: W·m-2)、内潮能通量矢量(b)(单位: kW·m-1)和内潮能通量散度(c)(单位: W·m-2) |
Fig. 7 Analysis of internal tide energy budget in the experiments forced by a single M2 or K1 tide in separate areas. The first and second lines in the three dashed black boxes from top to bottom represent the area-integrated conversion rate from barotropic to internal tides and the divergence of internal tides energy flux in Sulu Sea, Sulawesi Sea and Banda Sea, respectively. The first and second values in each line represent the results from the experiments forced by a single M2 and K1 tide (units: GW), respectively图7 M2和K1单分潮驱动实验中不同海区的内潮能量收支分析 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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